This is NOT a paper- it is answering 5 questions-ea 1 pg Essay

This isn't a paper-it is responding to 5 inquiries ea 1 pg - Essay Example She was likewise focusing on the ensembles of the move and artists. The Times Magazine has named her as â€Å"Dancer of the Country†. She contributed 70 years of her life for the Dance organization. Her one more experimentation was moving and uncovering Human developments. Where as Rainer went above and beyond by turning into a movie producer. He also seems to be comparative with that of Martha Graham in uncovering get-togethers however varied from her from his disclosure of the political side of the general public too. His work is related with doubt. He evaluated finding the distinction among incongruity and pessimism which is additionally a missing idea underway of Martha Graham. In spite of the fact that them two had the comparable choice of uncovering what place craftsmanship has found in the every day exercises of the general public? However, Rainer appears to have gone somewhat more by discovering how he could uncover the idea of changes that occur in a general public, where as Graham confined her works just with human developments. While breaking down the administrations rendered by both to the universe of movement, Graham appears to have crossed the ideal giver. Pina Bausch is a choreographer of current move. She spearheaded the Tanztheatre style of Dance , a main and persuasive move works which came out from the German Expressionist Dance . She was sent to ballet production in her adolescence. Her move exhibitions incorporates a ton of German style of moving and artful dance with the idea of male and female collaboration . This subject is found in practically the entirety of her works. She has given route for a neo-expressionist style, emotional and surrealist settings in her work of move. This could be found in her work Carnations[1983]. She has arranged on stages with soil or carnations of water secured over it . People are discovered being a tease carefully then moving and flying each other viciously towards inside. These are the characteristics found in her works. Lin-Huai-Min, is the author of a notable and popular Chinese Modern Dance Group called

Free Essays on Gang Violence In The San Fernando Valley

Pack brutality in the San Fernando Valley â€Å"My child, my child! He was a decent kid, sure he stayed nearby a terrible horde of companions, had a shaved head, and wore loose jeans, yet he’d never hurt anybody. For what reason did they need to shoot him? Why?† It appears that that an ever increasing number of guardians everywhere throughout the valley are shouting out a comparative cry. The huge increment in group savagery in the San Fernando Valley is probably the most concerning issue that the valley experiences. The boulevards of the San Fernando Valley have all the earmarks of being the battleground for a Civil War between a various measures of groups. An excessive number of youngsters are biting the dust from group brutality, particularly guiltless by standers. Posses in the San Fernando Valley show up not to decrease as the years progressed, rather have expanded. In spite of the tremendous measure of projects offered or ordered around the valley concentrating on posse counteraction, for example, the Jeo pardy Program or the L.A.P.D. CRASH Unit, the murdering of human lives proceed in a quick development. Posses and group savagery are a major issue in the San Fernando Valley and will keep on being along these lines, except if there’s a ceasefire between all packs denoting a conclusion to this lethal viciousness. Packs in the San Fernando Valley go back similarly as the 1920’s. A considerable lot of those unique packs were mostly shaped by a gathering of young people only mingling together in a similar neighborhood. A considerable lot of these teenagers which had the equivalent social foundation, language, and customs, could without much of a stretch partner with one another. The harmony between these young people showed from the racial strains that was made upon them by the military, with so much occasions as the Zoot Suit Riots. These posses were made as a type of security among minorities. Gradually these posses have gone to medications and savagery, in what is currently observed as the present. In this century, young people are pushed to join packs because of the absence of correspondence or parental direction in the family. These young people experience childhood looking for comfor... Free Essays on Gang Violence In The San Fernando Valley Free Essays on Gang Violence In The San Fernando Valley Group brutality in the San Fernando Valley â€Å"My child, my child! He was a decent kid, sure he stuck around a terrible horde of companions, had a shaved head, and wore loose jeans, yet he’d never hurt anybody. For what reason did they need to shoot him? Why?† It appears that that an ever increasing number of guardians everywhere throughout the valley are shouting out a comparable cry. The noteworthy increment in pack savagery in the San Fernando Valley is perhaps the most concerning issue that the valley experiences. The boulevards of the San Fernando Valley seem, by all accounts, to be the battleground for a Civil War between a various measures of posses. Such a large number of youngsters are biting the dust from pack viciousness, particularly honest by standers. Packs in the San Fernando Valley show up not to reduce as the years progressed, rather have expanded. Notwithstanding the immense measure of projects offered or commanded around the valley concentrating on group counteraction, for example, the Jeopa rdy Program or the L.A.P.D. CRASH Unit, the murdering of human lives proceed in a fast development. Groups and posse savagery are a major issue in the San Fernando Valley and will keep on being along these lines, except if there’s a ceasefire between all packs denoting a conclusion to this lethal viciousness. Posses in the San Fernando Valley go back similarly as the 1920’s. Huge numbers of those unique packs were for the most part shaped by a gathering of teenagers only mingling together in a similar neighborhood. Huge numbers of these youths which had the equivalent social foundation, language, and customs, could without much of a stretch partner with one another. The harmony between these young people showed from the racial pressures that was made upon them by the military, with so much occasions as the Zoot Suit Riots. These posses were made as a type of assurance among minorities. Gradually these groups have gone to medications and brutality, in what is currently observed as the present. In this century, young people are pushed to join posses because of the absence of correspondence or parental direction in the family unit. These young people experience childhood looking for comfor...

WRITING A THREE-PARAGRAPH ESSAY Essays - Writing,

Composing A THREE-PARAGRAPH ESSAY The Parts of the Essay and Its Benefits Similarly as with most articles, the three-passage exposition has three sections: a presentation, a body, and an end. However with this sort of exposition not at all like its five-passage partner every last one of these areas has just one section. The three-passage article, subsequently, may be perfect for youthful authors or the individuals who are at present acing the English language. Another advantage to the three-passage paper could be that it expects you to consolidate your supporting focuses into only one, which can be a decent exercise. In the event that you needed to pick just one point to persuade a peruser to concur with you, what might it be? In the wake of playing out some light prewriting, for example, conceptualizing or composing a blueprint, understudies can move directly into creating the article. While this procedure is comparative no matter how you look at it for composing scholastic papers, the three-passage article is novel in that the body will occupy less room in the completed item. A layout for this paper may resemble this: Presentation Paragraph Snare Foundation Points Proposition Statement Body Paragraph Point Sentence Supporting actuality 1 Supporting actuality 2 Progress Sentence End Paragraph Re-proclamation of Thesis Synopsis of Main Point Challenge to the Reader Passage One : Introduction Similarly as with most conventional expositions, the three-passage paper starts with a presentation section. Such passages must, clearly, acquaint the peruser with your thought and, as a rule, persuade the peruser that this exposition merits perusing. To create a solid presentation, make certain to open with a strong snare. You need to attract perusers, so they are constrained to draw in with your composition. A snare can be something convincing, for example, an inquiry, an incredible statement, or a fascinating truth. Presentation sections additionally as a rule contain foundation data that helps the peruser in understanding your point, maybe characterizing it or clarifying a significant part. At long last, you need to incorporate a proposal articulation. Despite the fact that your exposition just has three passages, there still should be a reason to the composition. You could structure your acquaintance section agreeing with this layout: Presentation Paragraph Snare: Is there no answer for dumping waste in the sea? Foundation Points Clarify why refuse is dumped in the sea Measurements about dumping waste in the sea Postulation Statement: Dumping waste in the sea is an issue since it spells catastrophe for the biological system, prompting issues ashore. This structure isn't required, however it may be helpful over the long haul for arranging your considerations. Section Two: Body The subsequent section, as we have examined, is the unparalleled body passage. This passage bears the weight of imparting support for the postulation explanation completely all alone. In that capacity, it might take more than one work in progress to get this passage to convey all that you need it to. Your body passage needs to underscore the theory explanation. Make a theme sentence for this body passage that conveys this and furthermore advances from the presentation into the body. For instance, your body passage theme sentence dependent on the framework above could be: *One of those issues may run its course as food shortage where people live. This theme sentence emphasizes the proposition and moves the peruser into a body section that contains a supporting point: that harm to the sea's biological system could prompt food shortage. Inside the body section, you can cite various sources that help this point. Once more, this section doesn't have space to contain everything that an entire five-passage article may. In any case, that doesn't mean you can't fit in some solid proof to persuade your peruser to see your point of view, for example, is cultivated through statements and investigation. Remember to end with a solid progress sentence to move the peruser flawlessly into the end. Passage Three: Conclusion The last passage in an exposition is generally the end. The three-section paper is no exemption. In this article, the end can be similarly as long as the other two sections, and it can commute home the point made in the proposal articulation and body passage. Likewise with most end passages, this section should rehash the postulation in various words. It should then sum up what was expressed in the body passage before testing the peruser here and there, regardless of whether in thought or

Finding Legit Essay Writing Services

Finding Legit Essay Writing ServicesWe all know that there are many different sources of legit essay writing services available online. However, choosing which service to use can be difficult as there are so many options to choose from. Even with a lot of research you may be overwhelmed by the sheer number of companies offering such services, but there are ways to go about choosing the best company.Researching which company offers the best rates and quality services is a good place to start. It is a given fact that there are many reputable companies that offer good rates and quality services. However, in some cases, you may not be able to find out how a company's services compare to others just by looking at their website.In order to avoid such a situation, you need to do some basic research about the company. You need to find out how long the company has been around, what the experience of their previous clients have been, and how they treat their customers. This way, you will be ab le to determine if you are dealing with a legitimate service or not.Some companies charge on a per-assignment basis. They will charge you the amount they think they need to hire a writer. This can be an option if you need many assignments done and you only need one. If you are a more experienced writer and you need several essays done, this may not be a viable option for you.Many of the companies that advertise themselves as 'second tier' also advertise themselves as 'real writers'. They say that they can take on more work than others and that they can write theses fast. However, they do not deliver quality work.Also, there are some companies that even recruit big companies and some who only recruit students. The problem with these types of companies is that they will often do not give out any testimonials or reviews from customers. For this reason, you may want to deal with a company that has a good reputation and reviews of its services. A company that offers testimonials and revi ews from satisfied customers is a good choice to deal with.You should also do some research into what kinds of writing jobs they do as well. Usually, companies that do legal jobs or scientific writing jobs will need to do some additional training. While it may be necessary to undergo some training, it is much better to go with a company that is not as demanding about the writing jobs that they will be providing you with.The most important thing you need to do is to research each company that offers essay writing services. Once you have found a company that you feel comfortable with, you can get started.

Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Essay

1.0 INTRODUCTION Inspiration is a significant driver in an association and is pivotal to the administration of scholarly capital. Inspiration underlies what representatives decide to do (quality or potentially amount), how much exertion they will place into achieving the undertaking, and to what extent they will work so as to achieve it. Representatives who are inspired will work all the more successfully and productively and shape an organisation’s conduct. A spurred workforce will strongly affect an organisation’s main concern. Inspiration is firmly attached to work fulfillment. Occupation fulfillment is the means by which people feel about the undertakings they should achieve and may likewise be impacted by the physical and social nature of the working environment. The more fulfilled workers are with their employments, the more inspired they will be to carry out their responsibilities well. There are a few significant examinations identifying with inspiration. These incorporate Abraham Maslow’s chain of command of requirements, Frederick Herzberg’s investigation of cleanliness and inspirational components, Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, and J. Stacy Adams’ Equity Theory. It is significant that the paper will give a few features of the previously mentioned hypotheses in order to give a greater picture regarding the matter of inspiration, further the paper will give brief meanings of some key ideas, for example, inspiration and employment fulfillment. It is likewise essential to state here that the paper will confine itself to the two factor hypothesis by giving a concise clarification on the hypothesis and afterward focus in on every one of the cleanliness factors in detail after which the situation of the creator regarding the matter being talked about will be sketched out and the end will follow with the catalog. 1.1 DEFINITIONS OF KEY CONCEPTS As placed by Vroom (1964), the word â€Å"motivation† is gotten from the Latin word movere, which implies â€Å"to move†. Inspiration is an interior power, subject to the requirements that drive an individual to accomplish. Schulze and Steyn (2003) insisted that so as to comprehend people’s conduct at work, directors or managers must know about the idea of necessities or intentions, which will help â€Å"move† their representatives to act. Locke (1976) characterizes work fulfillment as the constructive enthusiastic state coming from valuation of a person’s experience related with the activity. Employment fulfillment is related with pay, word related pressure, strengthening, organization and authoritative approach, accomplishment, self-improvement, relationship with others, and the general working condition. It has been contended that an expansion in work fulfillment builds specialist efficiency (Wright and Cropanzano, 1997; Shikdar and Das, 2003). Along these lines, work fulfillment majorly affects people’s lives. Locke (1976) demonstrated that activity fulfillment most usually influences a person’s physical wellbeing, psychological wellness and public activity whereby individuals who are happy with their employments will in general be content with their lives. Breed and Breda (1997) showed that activity fulfillment may influence non-appearance, objections, and work distress. Taking into account this, fulfilled specialists will be significantly more gainful and be held inside the association for a more drawn out period, rather than disappointed laborers who will be less valuable and who will have a more prominent inclination to stop their employments (Crossman, 2003). All the more significantly, fulfilled specialists perform better as well as offer better assistance to cli ents, which could bring about improving consumer loyalty. It is expected that inspiration and fulfillment are fundamentally the same as and that, by and large, they are viewed as equal terms. As per Hersey and Blanchard (1988), inspiration and fulfillment are very unique in relation to one another as far as remuneration and execution. The creators call attention to that inspiration is affected by forward-looking recognitions about the connection among execution and prizes, while fulfillment includes how individuals feel about the prizes they have gotten. At the end of the day, inspiration is an outcome of desires for the future while fulfillment is a result of past occasions (Carr, 2005). Analysts have concentrated on worker work fulfillment since it is firmly identified with the nature of the employee’s life. Jenner (1994) demanded that expanding the employee’s work fulfillment or resolve is a significant method for taking out non-attendance, lessening turnover, and in the long run raising efficiency. Hair stylist (1986) secured that position disappointment was related with more prominent truancy and higher turnover rates. With high occupation fulfillment, the representative would in general show more grounded authoritative duty and higher aim to stay with the organization. 1.2 UNDERSTANDING MOTIVATION USING THEORIES Hypotheses of inspiration can assist us with understanding why individuals carry on as they do. No hypothesis has a Universal way to deal with clarify human conduct, since individuals are excessively far complex (Donnelly, et al.1996). Two significant gatherings of speculations are content hypotheses and procedure hypotheses. Content speculations are worried about recognizing what factors in an individual or the workplace stimulate and continue conduct. Procedure hypotheses attempt to portray how conduct is stimulated, coordinated, and continued. Procedure hypotheses first endeavor to characterize factors in decision, i.e., Should I buckle down? (Decision); how hard accomplish I Work? (Determination). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs places that conduct at a specific second is controlled by the most grounded need. He put them in a structure alluded to as the chain of importance of requirements in light of the various degrees of significance. Those necessities that start things out must be fulfilled before a more elevated level need becomes possibly the most important factor. Value Theory places that apparent disparity is a Motivational power. Laborers assess value utilizing a proportion of contributions to yields. Sources of info incorporate capability, experience, exertion, and capacity. Results incorporate advantages. Disparities happen when laborers feel that results are not perfect with inputs. Anticipation Theory states that workers are inspired to settle on decisions among practices. In the event that representatives accept that exertion will be compensated, there will be roused exertion, that is, they will choose to work more diligently to get a prize. Anticipation is the conviction that specific practices will or won't be effective. Inclinations are the qualities an individual appends to various results. 2.0 THE TWO FACTOR THEORY Herzberg’s two-factor hypothesis of inspiration (1959) clarifies and considers the elements that assume a key job in making the representatives of an association fulfilled or disappointed with their work and employment profiles. The two variables are-cleanliness elements and helpers. On the off chance that cleanliness factors are missing, they can prompt production of disappointment among laborers, yet when they are satisfactory, only they can't prompt fulfilling laborers in the workplace. Then again, inspirations are the components that are identified with the idea of the activity and assume a huge job in giving fulfillment among laborers and prompting more elevated level of inspiration (Bassett-Jones and Lloyd 2005). Workers everywhere throughout the world need employer stability as well as need quality business. They want to be given abundant open doors for headway, great working conditions, and reasonable treatment by supervisors, independence on their work, testing occupa tions and duty (Miner 2003). These elements are remembered for the spark factors given by Herzberg and still remain constant today in contemporary business condition. Today’s associations center around cooperation and union among the gathering in order to make an inductive situation for work where representatives are roused to work and add to achieving the objectives of the association. Chicken and Davis (1990) show that work quality is one of the main considerations that decide fulfillment among representatives as far as inspiration. For example, in the event that a worker has satisfactory cash, however he has no important work, at that point the representative beginnings feeling absence of self worth, which is again in rationality with the Herzberg’s hypothesis that when cash quits being the main thrust of inspiration for representatives, mental prizes have its spot and gotten increasingly pivotal just as huge as far as going about as a main thrust of inspiration. In this way, cash quits going about as the help for representatives past a specific edge (Critical Analysis of Adam J. Stacy’s and Frederick Herzberg’s Theories on Job Satisfaction of Employees 2012). In today’s business situation, wellsprings of fulfillment at work and the manners by which occupations can be planned in order to make the work itself additionally testing and improving can rouse representatives and assist associations with accomplishing their points and objectives as referenced in Herzberg inspiration hypothesis (Locke and Latham 2004). Herzberg expressed that the best way to persuade representatives in the association is to give them trying work with the goal that they can feel an awareness of other's expectations just as having a place towards the association. Today, representatives are engaged with dynamic because of which they feel greater duty just as wind up at a more elevated level of inspiration. Characteristic drivers rule over outside improvements as far as inspiration and lead to upgraded commitments towards hierarchical achievement. As indicated by Herzberg’s book on Work and the Nature of Man 1973, he says man has two arrangements of requirements: his need as a creature to evade torment, and his need as a human to develop mentally. The scriptural personages of Adam and Abraham are utilized to show and build up the duality of man’s nature. Quickly, as Adam, man is envisioned as a creature whose superseding objective is to stay away from the torment unavoidable in identifying with his condition. Then again, taking a gander at man in his totality, notwithstanding his evasion nature there exists a person who is instigated to determ

The Development of Monotheism in Judaism - Free Essay Example

The idea that there is only one god, monotheism, is shared by over half of the worlds population today. Whether you are Christian, Muslim, or Jewish you believe in monotheism. Where does this idea originate from though? Many scholars believe that the origin of this idea dates back to the Babylonian exile of the Jews from Jerusalem around 600 BCE. During this time the Babylonians conquered Jerusalem and destroyed the first temple built by Solomon. This is significant as at the time the Jews believed that God, or Yahweh, physically lived in the temple. So when the temple was destroyed, and subsequently the Jewish exile, the Jews were faced with questions surrounding Yahweh. The argument I will be making in this paper is how and why slowly over time, in answering those questions, the Jewish community created the idea of monotheism. The idea that the Jews created monotheism following the subsequent Babylonian exile overtime signifies that at one time Jewish religion was polytheistic. Proof of this can be found from the Old Testament Bible or the Torah. One such example found in the Bible is in Exodus chapter 15 verse 11 which states: Who is like unto thee, O Lord, among the gods? In the events leading up to this part of scripture, we find that, according to the Bible, Moses and the children of Israel have just successfully crosse d the red sea and fled from Pharoahs army with the Lord, or Yahweh, being responsible for freeing them from Egyptian bondage. After those events, Moses and the children of Israel start praising Yahweh, and the passage of scripture shared is one of the statements they make while praising him. This is one example of an instance in the Bible where we see the ancient Jews acknowledge the existence of other gods. Along with this are other verses in the Book of Psalm. Psalm 135 verse 5 states, For I know that the Lord is great and that our Lord is above all gods. This again shows that while they believed Yahweh to be above all other gods, they still acknowledged the existence of other gods. Even one of the ten commandments within the Bible implies the existence of other gods when it says in Exodus chapter 20 verse 3, Thou shalt have no other gods before me. This implies that there are other gods in which they could worship. All of these verses were written before the Babylonian exile, and they show that Jews were indeed at one time polytheistic. Once we have established that the Jews were at one time polytheisti c, the question now is when Judaism developed into a Monotheist religion, and whether they developed it themselves or adopted the idea from somewhere else. To start with, lets look at a verse written after the Babylonian exile. Isaiah chapter 44 verse 6 states: I am the first, and I am the last, and beside me, there is no God. This shows the change in belief over time in the Bible from the acknowledgment of other gods to now stating that there are no other gods but Yahweh himself. Why is this though? When looking at the time periods of these verses written we can see that the change from polytheism to monotheism within the Bible occurs following the Babylonian exile. Although its not until after the exile that you see Isaiah stating that Yahweh is the only god, the groundworks for the change to monotheism evolved slowly over time according to the book, No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel, written by Robert Karl Gnuse. In his book, he states that the idea of Monotheism developed over time through certain events, and the culmination of these events following the Babylonian exile resulted in the change to Monotheism. Such events leading off to the change to Monotheism include when King David made Yahweh the national high god above Baal (page 101). Another development leading to monotheism was the prophets overtime pushing for the worship of only Yahweh and the claims of Yahweh having power over the other gods. An example of this is can be found in 1 Kings chapter 18 when the prophet Elijah challenges the prophets of Baal to see which god will be able to provide fire for them first. Elijah does this to prove that Yahweh should be followed instead of Baal. This is shown in biblical scripture when he says to the people, How long halt ye between two opinions? If the Lord be God, follow him: but if Baal, then follow him. Following this is when he challenges the prophets of Baal. Elijah wins the challenge, proving to the people that Yahweh is the superior god. Following this, the people slaughtered the prophets of Baal and worshiped Yahweh above Baal. Others followed in solidifying Yahweh as the god to be worshipped in Israel, and all of this helped develop the idea of monotheism following the Babylonian exile. Why then did it take the exile for Judaism to officially become monotheistic? The growing belief that Yahweh was more powerful than the other gods and subsequently deserved to be worship ped above other gods led to political and social conflicts. Due to this, the state hindered the growth of Yahwism into becoming monotheistic in order to relieve those conflicts according to Gnuses book (page 104). Gnuses book also states that The full development of monotheism also was connected to a fight against the emergence of social classes. Hence, true monotheism could arise only in the exile after the collapse of society with all the attendant social structures and the political-national religion of Judah (page 105). Thus the Babylonian exile was necessary for Judaism or Yahwism to fully convert to monotheism, being free of the state and societal issues from hindering this growth. After concluding all of this it may be wondered what necessitated the complete change to monotheism. Following the exile the Jews were faced with being surrounded by foreign cultures, and to avoid being assimilated into those other cultures, and to keep other gods from being worshipped in their culture, they needed to develop their own distinctly Israelite culture. The result of this was the cultural change to Yahweh being the only true deity, which meant the denial of all gods of other groups of people around them. Another factor that could have played a role in the complete change to monotheism would be the desire to keep different sub-groups of Jews from developing. Gnuse talks in his book about the fact that there were Jews who only believed in and worshipped Yahwey prior to the exile, while there were others that worshipped Yahweh along with other gods. Jews having different theological beliefs could have led to splits into sub-groups following the exile, which would have weaken ed them and their culture as a whole, and eventually could have led to the assimilation into other cultures around them. All of this was avoided by the change to monotheism, which is why I believe that these problems could have been a contributing factor to the change to monotheism. Along with that, the questions that arose from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem led to a change in thinking from believing that Yahweh physically lived in the temple, to that he could be anywhere at any time. Also with the destruction of the temple, under their prior belief of other gods, the logical conclusion to be made was that either Yahweh had lied to the Jews, or that he was weaker than the Babylonian gods. Neither of those answers gave any hope to Yahwism or the Jews, and neither answer was a satisfying conclusion to their questions. That is when the idea of monotheism came to fruition as the only satisfying answer to the questions brought up due to the destruction of the Temple were that he is the only God and that he doesnt physically live only in one place, and these ideas brought about the full transition to the idea of monotheism. In conclusion, we can see through biblical text that predates the Babylonian exile that Jews in ancient Israel were originally polytheistic and that the idea of monotheism developed over time, resulting in the change to monotheism following the Babylonian exile. We can also see that the reasons for the development of monotheism within Judaism resulte d from the questions following the destruction of the temple, and the new surroundings they were presented with due to the exile. Whether you are Christian, Muslim, or Jewish, you believe in monotheism. And the Babylonian exile is the reason why you do.

Legend vs. Pop Culture The Dual Characterization of Merlin - Literature Essay Samples

Merlin has existed as the quintessential imaginary magical figure for centuries. Recognizable by name before even the writing of Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur, the Merlin figure pervades art throughout time, featured in numerous books, paintings, and films. Although the general consensus on Merlin’s demeanor persists as his being a wise, mysterious counselor, a second version of the character has arisen due to animated children’s films, specifically Walt Disney’s The Sword in the Stone. This film’s portrayal of Merlin as a kooky, strange hermit who borders on foolishness at times has influenced many other adaptations of the character including the one depicted in DreamWorks’ Shrek the Third. While an eccentric and odd Merlin opposes his traditional characterization, the medium calls for the necessity of Merlin being presented this way. As animation’s target audience is generally children, the realistic and dark aspects of the chara cter are dropped in favor of entertainment and appeal. This opposing characterization both adds and detracts from the canonical Merlin, infringing on the legendary perception of him while adding more depth and arguably more mystery to the character. J. Hillis Miller’s â€Å"Narrative† argues that society craves the same story in repetition, so the skewing of the traditional aspects of the cultural figure not only adds a form of entertainment but also forces the new Merlin to act in conjunction with the old. Due to animated films altering the character of Merlin, a dual characterization has arisen which both adds and detracts from the original Merlin described in Arthurian legends and alters the character’s overall canonical personality. Merlin in the Morte Darthur offers an example of the traditional â€Å"Merlin† figure. Sir Thomas Malory’s wizard character is mysterious, wise, and drives the plot along. Upon his first introduction, it appears that Malory assumes his reader already understands who Merlin is as he offers no exposition on the character and merely immediately thrusts him into the action. Merlin then occasionally pops into the story, giving King Arthur advice and exhibiting some magical power. Even when not directly in the story itself, other characters refer to Merlin in reverence and remembering his power. While Malory never explores the extent of Merlin’s personality or power, it is stated that he has powers of disguise and prophesy along with extensive knowledge of both magical and real elements. Merlin himself never reveals aspects of his character beyond being a wise counselor who obeys his king, and little of Merlin’s own story is written in Malory’s work. Unli ke other versions of Merlin, Malory’s character acts solely as the static and one-dimensional sagacious, mysterious sorcerer who is necessary for the plot to continue at times. While Malory’s Merlin offers the traditional perception of the character, Walt Disney’s film The Sword in the Stone introduced a different version of Merlin. Unlike the unexpected visitor role Merlin plays in the Morte Darthur, Disney’s Merlin has a much greater role in Arthur’s life, guiding him for essentially the entire movie. While this Merlin also acts as a counselor for Arthur, he is both a friend and holds more power over Arthur and his decisions. He also possesses great wisdom, however, unlike the foreboding and stiff Merlin Malory presents, Disney’s Merlin is silly, clumsy, and absent-minded. Although he possesses the power of prophecy, this ability, along with many others, is not entirely full-proof. This Merlin offers little mystery, instead playing the role of a kooky old man. Despite the extreme discrepancies between Malory and Disney’s characterizations of Merlin, the Disney version of the character has become quite popular, eno ugh so to be included in Arthurian parody. DreamWorks’ Shrek the Third, a children’s film which parodies Arthurian legends, takes both versions of Merlin previously discussed, spoofs the original, and furthers the ridiculousness of the character introduced in The Sword in the Stone. DreamWorks’ Merlin plays little role in the plot itself, existing what appears to be solely an opportunity to spoof another Arthurian aspect of the legends. While aforementioned Merlins played the role as mentor to Arthur, this aspect of Merlin is unnecessary in the film as the titular character Shrek fulfills this role. Instead, the film parodies this aspect of Merlin by portraying him as insane, mentioned that he was once a teacher before his â€Å"nervous breakdown† (Shrek the Third). This Merlin eats rocks, is quite dramatic, and wears clichà © Merlin attire—wizards hat and robe, however, this is also spoofed. DreamWorks’ version of Merlin is not the great and powerful sorcerer as described in previou s lore, but rather possesses more mediocre â€Å"special effects†-type magic and doubts himself and his abilities. Even when he performs more advanced magic, it only works partly as to add to the comedic elements of the film. DreamWorks’ foolish characterization of Merlin represents how much the idea of who Merlin is has changed over time, especially in thanks to children’s films. The change of Merlins characterization overtime is mostly due to the necessity of adapting the character to the films’ targeted audience. Generally designed for children, such films rely on stereotypical tropes as to allow for juvenile audiences to understand the plot and characters. If the Merlin character was the powerful, mysterious figure he is in Morte Darthur, he would not fit into a children’s film where generally â€Å"good guys† are more lighthearted and open. As children’s films call upon certain types of character, Merlin’s personality must then be changed as to appeal to the target audience. Similarly, the animated style of the films requires a specific type of character that differs from the traditional characterization of Merlin. Since animation removes the realism from the story, so must the realistic aspects of the characters be removed. Therefore, the original version of Merlin is dropped in favor of a more fantastic adaptation as t o befit the medium; the loss of the realism associated with the dark and mysterious figure allows for the addition of more comedy and imaginative aspects of the character. Also, if Merlin were similar to his Morte Darthur counterpart, there would be no shock factor for those that know the canonical version of the character thus removing some of the comedy related to him. This would also detract from the entertainment, making the targeted audience bored and unamused by seeing an adult as normally seen in everyday life. As this man is an elderly wizard, an authority figure in society, he must have a sense of absurdity in order to appeal to children while also appealing to adults who know what the character normally is and add to the comedy/parody of the film(s). Therefore, the foolish adaptations of Merlin appeal to all audiences, both young and old, which also allows for the characterization to become popular. By having such a ridiculous version of the character become so common in pop culture, this adaptation of Merlin infringes upon the original canonical version of the sorcerer. What was once only perceived and referenced as the epitome of wisdom and magic, children’s films have warped into a silly, old man trope. Not only do these adaptations of Merlin seemingly reduce him to a static figure meant only for entertainment, but also allow for a silly Merlin to become the â€Å"original† version of the character for many. Many children’s first introduction to the character may be through these comedic films which then infringes upon the canonical character, effectively instilling a new â€Å"original† Merlin, depending on the generation, and slowly replacing the Morte Darthur version of Merlin as the primary characterization. Although these comedic Merlins do detract from and somewhat replace the Morte Darthur Merlin, it could be argued that by introducing the new trope—Merlin being a kooky hermit—allows for the character to be adapted for modern audiences and expanded upon, thus making him more dynamic and perhaps even more mysterious as his true nature is debatable. The adaptations of Merlin revamp the character and make it something new while still relying on its past interpretations. Miller’s chapter â€Å"Narrative† discusses how â€Å"we need the same story over and over† (70) for we crave recognizable content as it asserts â€Å"the basic ideology of our culture† (72). In this way, the adaptations of Merlin that make him out as foolish rely on the basic human desire for repetition of a familiar trope through people’s past experiences with the character whilst offering a new and interesting version to keep audiences interested. Then, as the â€Å"new † Merlin is assimilated into the culture and story canon, the new character traits become associated with the character and craved by audiences to be repeated. As the new adaptation of Merlin becomes more used in our culture, it does not override the preexisting ideas of the character, but rather adds to the cultural interpretation of Merlin instating a dual characterization. The Morte Darthur-type Merlin still prevails as a recognizable character, known for power, wisdom, and magic, but once The Sword in the Stone warped this version of the character to create a new adaptation, making Merlin kooky, foolish, and magically unreliable, he lost his aspects of realism and thus sank further into a mythical lore of our culture. By having opposing versions of the character so present in our culture, the character can be adapted however the adapters see fit like with Shrek the Third who chose to further the ridiculousness of Merlin as introduced in the Disney film. While the newer Merlin characterization does detract from the original canon version, it cannot be ignored that through the existence of another perception of the character, Merlin becom es more dynamic and a more mysterious figure as his nature does not have a consensus. By having a dual characterization of Merlin, thanks to animated children’s films, the character appeals to a wider audience and modernizes the character, making the Arthurian legendary figure relevant in modern culture. Works Cited Malory, Thomas, Sir. Sir Thomas Malorys Morte Darthur: A New Modern English Translation Based on the Winchester Manuscript. Trans. Dorsey Armstrong. Anderson: Parlor Press, 2009. Print. Merlin. Disney Wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. Merlin (Shrek the Third). WikiShrek. N.p., n.d. Web. Miller, J. Hillis. Narrative. Critical Terms for Literary Study. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1995. N. pag. Print. Seanny, and Liambonez. Ask John: Why is Animation Associated with Children’s Entertainment? AnimeNation Anime News Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. Shrek the Third. Dir. Chris Miller. DreamWorks, 2007. The Sword in the Stone. Dir. Wolfgang Reitherman. Walt Disney, 1963.