First Breath Last Breath by Antler Analysis Essay

â€Å"First Breath Last Breath† is a poem written by Antler. The central theme of this poem is the beginning and the end of life. Antler manages to translate through words the cycle of life, using two characters the baby boy and the mother. The characters are connected in life through a strong relationship. The cycle is presented by the event of birth of a child and the death of the mother who gave him life. This poem is also about love, the love between a mother and her â€Å"baby boy†. The title of the poem â€Å"First Breath Last Breath† is composed of two parts. Breath† by definition it means the air inhaled and exhaled in respiration but it also means life, spirit or vitality. First part is â€Å"First Breath† means the beginning (â€Å"first†) of life (â€Å"breath†) and second part â€Å"Last Breath† means the end (â€Å"last†) of life (â€Å"breath†). The first part is also present in the first stanza in the ninth line â€Å"his first breath on Earth† emphasizing the topic of the first stanza – the beginning. The second part is present as well in the poem, in the second stanza, ninth line â€Å"exhales her last breath† emphasizing the second part of the title and also the topic of the second stanza – the end. An important aspect is the structure of the poem. It is composed of two stanzas, each stanza containing one sentence that is broken up at various intervals. Both stanzas have each ten lines. The intervals that the sentences are broken differ from line to line, the longest line being 8 syllables and the shortest being 3 syllables. This structure gives the author flexibility, writing this poem like he is writing a story. He is breaking up the sentence into various intervals in order to create â€Å"musicality† among the last words of each line. We could say that a summary of the poem can be composed of the first line and the last two lines of each stanza: â€Å"When a baby boy is born/†¦/his first breath on Earth/the Mother breathes it. † and â€Å"And when the Mother dies,/†¦/exhales her last breath,/her son inhales it. † The voice in this poem is the poet’s voice. He is invoking a sad, melancholic tone emphasized by the words â€Å"dies†, â€Å"last breath†, â€Å"grew up†. It is possible for the poet himself to transpose with the baby boy, showing his gratitude and love for his mother. It is just a supposition to say this because the verbs and pronouns are all used at the third person: â€Å"he†, â€Å"it†, â€Å"breathes†, â€Å"dies† etc. The third person mode along with the fact that there are no particular names given to the personages (â€Å"baby†, â€Å"midwife†, â€Å"Mother†) demonstrates that this poem is not about a particular story it is about every one of us. The place where all the events in this poem happen is unknown. The only word that answers the question: â€Å"Where? † is â€Å"on Earth† used in the first stanza ninth line. Although it answers the question â€Å"Where? the meaning of the words is to emphasize the importance of baby’s first breath. Putting into the equation the fact that the poem was written in 21st century and also the fact that the majority of events of this kind happen in a hospital, we can suppose that that is the location. One of the most important characteristic of this poem is antithetic view of the first and second stanza. In the first stanza it is about life, â€Å"baby boy is born†, â€Å"first breath† in comparison with the second stanza where it is about death, â€Å"Mother dies†, â€Å"last breath†. The poet creates a perfect antithetical symmetry using opposite words in the same location. For example: â€Å"When a baby boy is born† (location: first stanza, first line ) in comparison with â€Å"And when the Mother dies† (location: second stanza, first line), â€Å"his first breath on Earth† (location: first stanza, ninth line) in comparison with â€Å"exhales her last breath† (location: second stanza, ninth line). Another particularity of this poem is the transposition between the mother and the son used in the last line of first and second stanza: â€Å"the Mother breathes it† transposed into â€Å"her son inhales it†. In the first line of the first stanza we can identify an image of a baby boy born containing two monosyllable words â€Å"boy† and â€Å"born† that elongate the line with the help of the literary device alliteration: â€Å"baby boy born†. The first line also expresses the time when the next events will happen with the help of the adverb â€Å"when† identified at the beginning of the line. In the second line through enjambment technique â€Å"the story† it is continued with the presentation of an episodic personage, â€Å"the midwife† – the woman skilled in aiding the delivery of babies. As we continue with the third, fourth and fifth line the first important thing happens: the boy takes his first breath. Here we encounter the conjugation of the pronoun â€Å"he† – â€Å"he†, â€Å"his†, â€Å"him†. In the third line we encounter another alliteration â€Å"holds him†. The coma at the end of the fifth line delimitates the first event: the boy takes his first breath – from the second event: â€Å"the Mother breathes it†. It also expresses a short pause in speech. The fifth line is end stopped. The words â€Å"first breath† are also repeated in the ninth line in order to emphasize the importance of these words. First breath can also be translated into the beginning of life. If the first four verses were imagistic the fifth verse it is more auditory – the sound of breath. The second event starts with the movement of the child near his mother. This second event also uses the technique of enjambment and it is in symmetry with the first event having five lines as well. In the seventh line the author introduces the word mother with a capital M and using â€Å"the† an indefinite article. He uses this technique in order to express the connection between the Mother and her child and in order to particularize her as an important person in this poem. In the sixth and the seventh line the author shows how small the baby is by placing him near â€Å"the Mother’s face†. In the last line of the stanza the poet is using a figure of speech â€Å"the Mother breathes it† to show the connection that the baby just born made with his mother, to show the love between the mother and her child and to show how close the mother was to the baby. The second stanza starts with the conjunction â€Å"and† in order for the poet to emphasize the continuation of the story, to show what happens after, what is the next episode after the birth of the child. Through symmetry technique he again expresses the time when the events are occurring using the adverb â€Å"when†, but this time it happens â€Å"when the Mother dies†. The coma at the end of this line shows that there will be a short explanation, and also a short pause in speech. In the second line the poet shows us how much time has passed indicating that the â€Å"baby boy† from the first stanza is now a â€Å"middle-aged son†. The third verse expresses the admiration of the baby boy who grew up. The hyphen used at the end of this verse indicate a possible different continuation, indicate a longer pause where the reader can think about what the boy has become. The answer of the third line is given in the fourth line showing the admiration and love of the child for his mother: â€Å"†¦ grew up to be –/by her side,†. Through parallelism technique the author shows in the fifth line how the son placed his head next to his mother’s head: â€Å"his head next to her head†. Here are also present two alliterations: â€Å"his head†, â€Å"her head†. The hyphen at the end of the line indicates a longer pause. In the sixth line he again uses parallelism technique to show how close and how alike the mother and the son are: â€Å"follows her†¦with his†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . In the seventh and eighth line the author describes in a slower tone how the mother dies. In the last line of the second stanza the poet is using a figure of speech â€Å"her son inhales it† to express that the connection is never lost between the son and his mother. The poem is framed around the boy, because he is the one whom at the beginning of his life he is near his mother (â€Å"place him over/the Mother’s face†), during all his life he stands by his mother (â€Å"the baby grew up to be–/by her side†) and at the end of his mother’s life he is still near her (â€Å"And when the other dies/†¦/his head next to her head—â€Å"). When the baby boy takes his first breath it represents new life/vitality . The fact that the son â€Å"inhales† â€Å"her last breath† can have one other signification. By the definition breath means also spirit, and the son might inhale her spirit to always be with her, to always remember her. Both the mother and the son can be seen as a single organism, always close to each other, unity being powerfully emphasized in the words â€Å"follows her breathing with his breath†.

7 Top Tips for International Students

If you’re an International Student, then you know that studying abroad isn’t one big holiday. It can be daunting to move away from your friends and family, and sometimes your language! It can be a culture shock moving to another place, but at the same time an amazing experience. Here are 7 essential tips that might help some of you during the unique and exciting experience of being an international student: 1. Learn the language. You’d think that going from one English speaking country to another meant no language barrier, rightWrong! The more you can speak like a local the more you’ll blend in and the easier university work will be – even if it’s the same language. Additionally, many international students who do not speak English as a first language can really struggle when it comes to writing their essays in English. If you feel like you need help or support making sure your English is correct, then our site Proofreading Services can help.2. Explore!Not only is walking great exercise for mind and body but it is also one of the best ways to learn about your new environment. Stay safe and find a walking partner if you can. Walk from your campus to the city centre and back again. Take in every sight, sound and smell. 3. Ask visitors to bring a taste of home when they come to see you. Make sure that when family & friends came to visit they bring all the foods and things that you’ve been missing – you might be surprised to find that the taste of a familiar food will help hugely if you feel homesick. 4. Being a foreigner will make you unique. Your classmates will be interested in how you grew up, where you’ve been and even learning your language. Make the most of standing out by offering a unique perspective and fresh outlook. 5. Make friends with your classmates Living in a new country can be lonely. Fortunately, international students have it easy when it comes to making friends as there are instant buddies to be made right there in the lecture room. Turn around, smile, introduce yourself and say where you’re from. That’s all it takes to build lifelong friendships. 6. Take a lot of photos. Memories are great. But images capture a moment so it can be relived forever. Even better, add a soundtrack made up of local hits so you can smile every time THAT song comes on. 7. Be fearless. You’ve not travelled all that way to hide in a corner! Make the most of every single second. You may have family and friends who can’t wait to hear about your adventures; give them something to really be proud of you about. It’s not always easy to be brave, however, so if you feel like you need some support then please contact our site – we are here to help!

Computer Hacker Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Hacker - Research Paper Example While some do this for fun and to satisfy their egos, others engage in computer hacking for profit or for knowledge purposes (Levy, 2010). Nonetheless, despite the reasons for engaging in computer hacking, this practice is considered neither wholly good nor bad, since this involves a number of negative outcomes. The practice of computer hacking has existed in the field of Information Technology since the past few decades. Computer hacking involves a high level of intelligence and dedication. Hackers are therefore, highly knowledgeable not only in computer systems, but also in the security systems, which people employ to keep hackers out and to secure their systems (Thomas, 2002). In order to hack into systems, hackers are required to have in-depth knowledge on the systems, and most therefore, have to study the particular systems they want to hack into. According to Sterling (1989), in order to gather knowledge, some hackers attend conferences in order to learn about new techniques an d easier ways of hacking into systems. After hacking a system, hackers gain access to all kind of information in the system. They therefore, can use the information in whatever manner they wish. They are able to download this information, to copy it to their computer, or even delete the information, among other commands. Nonetheless, depending on the kind of system jacked into, as well as the kind of information that is accessed, the actions of a computer hacker might result in negative outcomes, basing on how he or she manipulates and uses the information accessed. For instance, if a hacker hacks into the system of a telephone company, he or she might make calling cards, and change phone numbers, among others (Sterling, 1989). As seen, computer hacking is considered a form of... This paper approves that the question of computer hacking, and computer hacking and ethics remain paramount in the present IT generation. Ethics is an aspect, which individuals develop over time; and ethics involves good behavior, which are mainly aimed at improving, and not harming others. In the world of computers and technology, ethics has become an important aspect. In this light, some computer hackers, who hack for fun, have claimed that they hurt no one by â€Å"just looking around,† and therefore, their practice should be considered ethical, and nor criminal. This report makes a conclusion that with all efforts of governments, computer hacking has not been eliminated. Governments therefore, need to develop more effective strategies, which might help to curb computer hacking. In order to solve the problem of computer hacking, young enthusiasts interested in computers and computer hacking should be taught about ethics and its importance. In addition, these should be supported to develop a user community, instead of becoming isolated computer hackers. Nonetheless, the practice of computer hacking has been rising considerably in the past years. The major problem of computer hacking is that it infringes on other people’s privacy. More so, since technology levels also keep rising steadily, the future of computer hacking seems bright, as computer hackers will learn and evolve with the increasing technology. However, ethical hackers will also use the advanced technology to offer increased system security to organizations. Either way, compu ter hacking affects all countries, therefore, it should be the collective responsibility of countries to adopt strategies that will help to curb computer hacking.

Iran's Collection Capabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Iran's Collection Capabilities - Essay Example This complex part came first followed the simpler version a year later. The cyber-weapon was discovered in a short period signifying Iranian CYBERINT capability. Stuxnet’s was designed to enhance speed and breakage.2 The effect of this was countered by ‘Protection systems’ that checked the abnormal process threatening the health and environment processes.3 In Natanz, Iranian authority established a unique system. The system was meant to offer protection and sustenance to the uranium enrichment. This used unreliable and obsolete equipment, the IR-1 centrifuge.4 The IR-1s is a weighty and critical protection system of the Iranian enrichment program without which the program would be vulnerable and useless. However, the IR-1 centrifuge the centrifuge at Natanz has slowed enrichment of centrifuge, but it is more reliable from attack than its predecessors are.5 Langner, Ralph. "The realprogram to sabotage Irans nuclear facilities was far more sophisticated than anyone realized." Foreign Policy. November 19, 2013. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/11/19/stuxnets_secret_twin_iran_nukes_cyber_attack (Accessed April 20,

Harpo Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harpo - Article Example h Winfrey show where she showed her social support to the population both local and international has revolutionized the society to become more open minded towards discussing social issues openly. More importantly, is her role in promoting the social activity of finding a solution to these social issues and implementing these solutions. This has influenced many communities to outgrow certain levels of criticism and denial well enough to address social issues faced daily. There are some few potential dangers in having a super powerful leader such as Oprah Winfrey being the head of your company (â€Å"Case: Harpo,† n.d). One of the dangers is when the leader has so much power and decides to abuse and misuse this power. This action is very dangerous especially if the investors are engaged in false investment schemes promoted by the leader that will only have them losing their finances. The company will gain a bad reputation, and recovery is very hefty. Another potential danger is in the leader instilling too much fear towards the employees in the company. There is a certain model of treatment that every leader will want to articulate in their company toward themselves and even towards the employees. If the leaders start to be harsh and have the management do the same, the employees’ performance will be negatively affected, thus, making the company employees fearful of the leader and unable to achieve the company goals every year. As already witnessed in history, when a super powerful leader of a company or nation departs from it either through retirement or because of an ailment or death, the chances of creating a continuum of success is very slim. The best ways in which Oprah Winfrey can ensure that Harpo will survive after her departure, whether due to death, ailment or even due to a tarnished public appeal is by creating and implementing a leadership succession plan. In this situation, she should have an active plan of having every individual undertaking a

Business Law Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Law Problems - Essay Example They argue that people making contracts should take consideration of possible changes in the future in making a contract. Take, for example, two people, where one is a supplier of goods while the other is the buyer. Assuming that the goods or services are to be delivered over a period of time, the costing of the product or service may be affected by economic changes like inflation2. The figure has been changed by about five to ten percent per year for the above. In that situation, the value of goods in this year would not be the same with the value the following year and the year after. In the case of Tabor and Martin, Martin can legally collect the a hundred dollars for the remaining contract because Tabor agreed to the terms. The recent contract or agreement precedes any prior agreements and would not matter whether Tabor had been informed prices would change or not. 3 Soberness: legal experts argue that people abiding through a contract should be sober before signing the agreement. In addition, they should have enough time to go through the contract and raise any contentious issues in the contract. The contentious clauses and issues should be changed for the better of the contract to be binding. Some people have been very crafty and take advantage of others when they are not sober. The example question of Kira selling her diamond necklace to Charlotte for just a hundred dollars yet it is worth thousands of dollars, shows the consequences of signing a contract when intoxicated too well. When a person has signed a contract, it is assumed that they read through the contract and were comfortable with every clause in the contract and that is why s/he signed. Therefore, Kira selling her necklace was a done deal, as long as she signed a contract, and Charlotte can prove. Her necklace could not be returned, even when she offered to refund the money she h ad

Methods of communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Methods of communication - Essay Example As for culture, this has been characterized as ‘a shared system of symbols, beliefs, attitudes, values, expectations, and norms of behavior; it refers to coherent groups of people whether resident wholly or partly within state territories or existing without residence in any particular territory’. In accordance with the above definition, culture can be a severe obstacle to communication in case that the attitudes or the values of the people involved are different. The elimination of this differentiation is a task that requires a significant amount of time and intensive effort by the interested parties – with no guarantee that the relevant attempt will be successful. In fact the study of Lalonde et al. showed that there are ‘predicted differences in beliefs about PC between members of social groups based on gender ideology and sexual orientation while more conservative views (e.g. right-wing authoritarianism, modem prejudice) would be associated with a belief in a PC movement and endorsement of a PC crusader stereotype’. In other words, political correctness is very likely to operate as a barrier to communication attempts – though this assumption could be more applicable when referring to groups than to individuals. In the same way, personal tendencies can be a barrier to communication especially under the influence of the following circumstances: a) a negative event of the past leads the person to avoid communication, b) the person’s environment (family, school) does not promote communication and so on.

Inside job Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Inside job - Movie Review Example The movie arouses emotions of hatred towards those with financial power and annoyance towards regulatory agencies. The activities portrayed are too inhuman to bear and even come to terms with, which people with such wicked ambition do exist, and little can be done to bring their mindset to a halt. This is including the lack of a conscious, which seems to be the perfect definition of a capitalist nation, and one in which power is given to a chosen few to control the fate of the country’s economics. The worst part in the entire movie is the lack of measures to regulate the financial industry, and especially the replacement of business executives. This is concerning the selfish ambition with no regard, whatsoever, for human welfare, other than propulsion of their business enterprises into greater heights. This is particularly so with the selfish decision made in misleading investors, in internet stocks, to continue investing heavily while then returns, in the future, were not som ething worth considering (Scots 2). It is also frustrating to watch, in the movie, the lack of accountability after the bubble burst in the face of the world. The situation is made worse by the presence of Charles Morris and Lawrence Summers in the movies. They are the most annoying characters in the footage owing to their carefree attitudes in a dire situation that requires seriousness to put the audience at ease. Charles Morris finds it amusing that bankers have taken advantage of the windfall resultant from selfish decisions and misfortunes of members of the public. He is also annoying in his attempt to induce humor in the cheap mindset of the individual bankers at making large fortunes and thinking it is because they are smart, which is the opposite. This is because; his attempts appear as a mockery to the innocent pubic, which loses to the bankers. It also depicts the public as being part of a foolish movement that is easily swayed by winds of selfish ambition. Lawrence summers , though not an official member of the cast, is also annoying with his conceptions of other peoples’ ideas despite being backed by ideas. This is such as the warning given by Raghuram Rajan earlier of the pending financial crisis in the near future, which summers dismisses and mocks (Scott 1). Since the 1980s, the financial sector has undergone a phase of lack of regulation as opposed to the period before it putting the country in the state it currently is. With this mind, the film puts the blame for the situation squarely on the shoulders of both political parties; that is democrats and republicans (Scot 1). This is because during the entire period of lack of regulation, both parties have been in power and have done little to ease the tension in the financial sector. This is as portrayed by Ferguson through the dropping of regulation of the economy in the 1980s and the resultant crisis in the late 2000s. The blame for the entire crisis originates with the government followin g the policy against regularization of the finance industry, which could have been fuelled by financial institutions. However, the main cause of the crisis lies with the selfish bankers individually and their boards for misleading members of the public and capitalizing on their trust in financial institutions. Decisions made by financial services companies led to the meltdown in the financial sector by undermining reports of looming collapse of the financial system.

Militarization and Police Brutality Annotated Bibliography

Militarization and Police Brutality - Annotated Bibliography Example Although the piece does focused mainly upon the process of the militarization of police, the tangential understanding that can be gained is the fact that this militarization has caused a psychological shift in the way that at least engage with crime. The veracity and truthfulness of this particular article is almost without question; due to the fact that it was published in a scholarly journal and thoroughly peer-reviewed. Furthermore, the author of the article has also been responsible for authoring several other pieces with relation to militarization of police and the overall impact upon society that these paramilitary forces have. Kimper, J. (2014). WHY MILITARIZED POLICE DEPARTMENTS DONT WORK: CONFRONTING ANGRY CITIZENS IN THE GARB OF JACK-BOOTED THUGS DOES PLENTY OF DAMAGE, ACCOMPLISHES NOTHING.  Newsweek Global,  163(8), 30-38. This particular article examines the correlation between the militarization of police and the overall level of violence that these so-called â€Å"peace officers† are willing to direct the average citizen. The author indicates that even though it might seem as a trivial matter, the actual clothing and tactical weapons that police are now receiving has had a direct correlation to the overall level of violence that they are comfortable with directing at the citizen. The source goes on to indicate the fact is that the militarization of the police is a relatively new occurrence; even though concerns and issues over police brutality is an issue that has been represented for a very long period of time.

Corporate Governance Disclosure and the Financial Practices Essay

Corporate Governance Disclosure and the Financial Practices - Essay Example Corporate governance and compliance to its prescribed practices has always been a subject of discussion. Adherence to corporate governance practice helps a corporate organization to rationalize risks as well as maximize its business performance at the same time. In the present day aggressive business environment that calls for a firm regulatory setting, compliance to corporate governance norms help organizations to sustain profitability in the long run. This study evaluates the influence of corporate governance disclosure guidelines on the Saudi Arabian companies in general and their annual issuance of financial reports in particular. This research study is motivated by several factors. First, the Board of CMA had issued a guidance of corporate governance for the corporate organizations in Saudi Arabia. Studying the extent of influence of corporate governance on the annual reports of the Saudi listed companies would help in understanding the attributes of companies that act in accord ance with the CMA guidance. Furthermore, the research study would also benefit in identifying the possible issues that explain the dissimilarities in compliance across Saudi Arabian organizations. Secondly, review of literature on the subject of corporate governance reporting reveals that there are not many empirical researches conducted on the business backdrop of emerging nations, such as Saudi Arabia.  The rationale of this research study is to emphasise on the aspects that impel the corporate governance norms in Saudi Arabia.

Dog Saves Life Essay Example for Free

Dog Saves Life Essay I was very enthusiastic for my world adventure race and wanted to get in shape, therefore I decided to head out for a run. I took my dog, Tazz along who was my constant companion and was very energetic and playful. Moreover, the route I took was very rough and unstable, despite that I carried on with my run in the remote canyon. During my training run, fortuitously I slipped and plunged 60 feet on to the solid rock smashing my pelvis into pieces. I was dreadfully injured but still alive; it was an abominable pain and my next reaction was to get out of here, despite my broken pelvis I tried standing up but I failed. My legs couldn’t support my body and I was unable to walk, besides that I was separated from my dog which aggravated the situation. I was stranded alone in the barren wilderness and I was facing my worst nightmare. Furthermore, I started dragging myself inch by inch which was causing enormous pain and then suddenly my dog appeared and came to my rescue; I was no longer alone and that gave me a comfort. Since he came to me I knew there was a route out and so I followed him, over and above I was planning to get back to my truck however, the pain was augmenting. As the night arrived it was freezing cold and I struggled doing sit-ups to keep my body warm and prevent hypothermia; I was fighting for my life. I just had my dog that cuddled up next to me. The next morning I tried again to drag myself but I was unable to move any further because I had interior bleeding and I was in a critical situation. It was getting difficult to breathe as well as I was losing vision. Moreover, because of the appalling pain I started crying as well as losing hope that anyone would find me and then Tazz came over to me and saw my tears. I could see that he was also upset. Eventually my family members informed the police that I was not receiving the phone calls, therefore a search team mobilized and a local detective knew about my place where I often train, they came searching for me and found my truck. At that point I was dying and so I said to tazz that I’m hurt and he needs to find help; he turned around and took off which was very depressing because then I had to face death alone. Furthermore, tazz was seen by the search team as he found the way out of the canyon. Tazz ran towards them and starting barking thus, one of the officers followed him and eventually found me. I was thankful to God as my ordeal was over. They gave me water and the feeling of having gulps of water actually go down the throat was incredible. I was glad to be alive.

Intellectual Property Rights and software Essay Example for Free

Intellectual Property Rights and software Essay Moral theories such as utilitarianism are used to defend Intellectual Property Rights of software produced by companies such as the Microsoft. It is important to differentiate between physical property rights and intellectual property rights. The government needs to analyse pros and cons of protecting rights of companies such as the Microsoft. Intellectual Property Rights or IPR is generally defended based on the assumption that they are similar to physical property rights. The ethical argument is that legal experts have upheld the need to protect property rights of individuals. Consequently, due to such rights individuals are able to protect their ownership rights, as they are allowed to approach court of law when their property is encroached. It is not possible to accept this argument in the context of intellectual property. This is due to basic differences that persist between physical property and intellectual property. Physical property allows purchaser to use property and alienate or dispose property at the later period. (Lea 2006) Software patent rights gives the right to use, but does not allow the user to either modify or alienate. This is because software can be produced in large quantities with the assistance of modern technology. Property, on the other hand, cannot be produced in large quantities. Reproduction and duplication of software can affect profitability of a company like Microsoft or author of the program. (Lea 2006) IPR in the context of software cannot be justified on two counts. First, it cannot be compared with physical property. There is no moral justification to protect rights of the creator of software. It is true that it is important to protect rights of individuals who author a computer program. But, at the same time, it is important to protect rights of consumers as well. Based on this reasoning, Wright brothers were not able to patent Airplane. Patents can sometimes discourage creativity. Consequently, modern scientists were able to produce airplane designs and contribute to enhanced facilities to people. The major purpose of patents and copy rights is to encourage people to contribute to scientific knowledge. (Lea 2006) Patents can be considered as recognition of talent of individual. Innovative products can inspire other individuals to produce similar or other products. As software is protected by IPR, it cannot be modified. One needs to differentiate between copy right acts and software patents. Copy right acts protect interest of authors. Generally, mass production of a book involves huge expenditure as it requires investment in printing and machinery. Software production, on the other hand, does not involve such huge investment. This argument is used to defend software patents. But, this argument alone cannot be used to defend right of a person who authors computer programs. (Lea 2006) Utilitarianism believes in welfare principles. Property rights are essential to achieve general welfare. Lack of property rights can affect large numbers of individuals. Non-software copy rights have encouraged producers to enhance production. They are able to obtain recognition for their contribution to their sector. On the other hand, software patent has affected large numbers of individuals, as they are not able to modify source code of a computer program. Duplication of software will affect income rights of a person or organization that produces software. The author will continue to enjoy the right to control the product. At the same time, additional features can be created by tweeting source code. This can benefit large numbers of people as they use free and modified software. Lea 2006) One needs to appreciate the fact that computer programs cannot replace essential goods required by large numbers of world population. In the 1990s, American population depended on computer revolution, which created employment opportunities for large numbers of individuals. At the same time, a country cannot solely depend on computer programs. This is because comp uter programs cannot replace other economic activities such as agricultural and industrial production. (Lea 2006) Protection of monopolistic companies such as Microsoft has created disparity between rich and poor nations. It is not possible to defend high price charged by companies for their software. This is because companies do not invest heavily in R D, unlike non software industry. From utilitarian perspective, it is not possible to defend IPR of software. This is because the aim of world leaders should be to reduce disparity between rich and poor. IPR in software, on the other hand, has enhanced gap between rich and poor. This is because countries such as the US depend heavily on software export. The US enhanced its software trade surplus which crossed $20 billion in 1999. (Lea 2006) Second, from libertarian perspective also one cannot defend IPR. This is because IPR does not allow freedom to individuals as they are not able to modify and sell software. This can affect their creative abilities. IRP affects autonomy and freedom of individuals. In a free and democratic country such as the US it is not possible to justify protection of organizations such as Microsoft. Free software movement emerged in order to defend the right of individuals to freely distribute software. In the 1960s, computers had to install software as a distinct bundle. Aim of such measure was to avoid monopoly of a particular company. Microsoft believes in protection of its IPR. In actuality, the main attempt of this organization is to protect its commercial interest. Lack of IPR rules in the context of software will erode profitability of this company. By the use of cyber laws, the company is able to reach a monopolistic position. This has contributed to inflated price of software produced by this company. It is interesting to note that the company hired services of professional detectives in Europe to identify people who used unlicensed company products. Microsoft has faced criticism from European countries due to its monopolistic position in the international software market. Lawsuits are filed against this company for discouraging competition from other companies. (Lea 2006) Computer consumers are expected to purchase legal software from designated commercial areas. At the same time, one needs to note that absence of IPR in software would not affect company profitability. This is because it is not possible for individuals to use different free or licensed computer programs. Today, most users depend on Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer. Other products are not used due to compatibility issue as these programs are not compatible with Microsoft products. This shows that even if Microsoft products are not protected by IPR, consumers will continue to use them as they are accustomed to this company product. In the year 2001, the government compromised with Microsoft by structuring IPR in such a way as to protect interest of this company. (Lea 2006) Data shows that 90 percent of computers use Microsoft products including Windows and Internet Explorer. (Lea 2006) This has affected competition in this sector. Consequently, large numbers of people are compelled to buy products from Microsoft. The solution for this problem is that Microsoft should be divided into two sections. One section can deal with legal and licensed software, which can be sold at a particular price, while another section can concentrate on products such as video player, which can be freely downloaded. This implies that government is taking sufficient measures to protect interest of consumers who in the IPR regime tend to buy software at inflated price. Another alternative is to abolish IPR of software so that it becomes equivalent to mathematical formulae or a scientific law, which consumers can use and modify based on their subsequent research. This can encourage creativity and innovation and achieve welfare of a large section of world population. (Lea 2006) Utilitarian and libertarian perspectives show that software patent rights do not achieve social welfare, as they aim to protect interest of companies such as Microsoft. Software patent rights have affected autonomy and freedom of individuals who are not legally allowed to modify computer programs. The government needs to introduce regulations restricting software prices. This can encourage companies to offer free software, which can be modified and redistributed for non commercial use.

Consequences of Celebrity Obsession

Consequences of Celebrity Obsession Sewon Chu Celebrity/Media Addiction In this world we live in, there are over seven billion people with many different dreams and ambitions. Some are satisfied with living in a small village with close relationship with just about everyone living in that village. Some are content to live the fast-paced life of the metropolis, where millions of people carry on their daily lives. Then there are some people who seek fame through acting, singing, beauty or their hard work and have their faces all over the media: celebrities. Celebrity is defined as not only those who sing, dance, and act but just famous or well-known person according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary.[1] Celebrities exist in all parts of the globe because they are essential needs to human life called entertainment. Entertainment is a necessity to human life because it brings joy, happiness and different sorts of positive feelings. However, it has expanded from just pure entertainment into something more serious recently. Now, the public is starting to become he avily interested in the daily personal lives of these celebrities because of the media, which has led to many people becoming obsessed with the lives of celebrities. People are obsessed with celebrities now more than ever because the obsession has become an integral part of our daily lives that results from psychological and social reasons. According to the Daily Banter, one of the reasons why people are obsessed with celebrities is because our brains think that the leaders or creative innovators should be respected.[2] Celebrities can become inspirations to the future generations who aim to become acknowledged for their hard work one day in fields that may be very difficult to become successful in. People are able to form a bond in their minds with their favorite public figure through the assimilation of the celebrity’s characteristics and have positive emotions when they think about that celebrity.[3] Granted, some of the actions by celebrities are not the actions leaders or innovators should be doing, such as drug usage, but the public is interested in all aspects of a celebrity’s life because of the media coverage. When a celebrity couple like for an example artists Beyoncà © Knowles and Jay-Z has a child, the news of the birth was all over social networks, newspapers, T.V., and internet news. However , if someone who was just an ordinary couple were to give birth to a child, only their friends and families will know about the good news. As a result, because the celebrity couple will have media exposure of their child’s birth, they are considered â€Å"more special† than the ordinary couple even though they are doing the same thing: giving birth to a child, which leads to other ordinary people to pay attention to the news of the celebrity couple. The fact that media is exposing these news about celebrities makes ordinary people have this notion that the celebrity is special which leads to the feeling of envy and the need to make those celebrities their personal role models. Also, when the media shows the celebrities, the celebrity tends to live the luxurious life. They wear nice and fashionable clothes that are sometimes custom-made, wear exquisite jewelry, drive or hire a driver that drives their exotic cars, drink expensive alcohol. This result in people wanting c elebrities as their role models because with their talent and fortune they were able to make these purchases. Having a celebrity for a role model can be positive because role models help people aspire to become better and grow as a human being. Celebrity admiration can have an influence on other people. For an example, when celebrities donate money to charity and be philanthropic to others or win awards for their hard work, it aspire people to become the same better person. One good example was how many well-known people such as Bill Gates, Whoopi Goldberg, Matt Damon, Will Smith, Kevin Hart, Anne Hathaway and Benedict Cumberbatch took part in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge which served as a cause to raise awareness of Lou Gehrig’s disease. Consequently, this led to many people to participate as well. But certainly celebrity influence can’t only be positive. While the ALS Bucket Challenge may have succeeded in raising awareness to people and it was for a good cause, many people did it without knowing what ALS even is, also they forget the fact that there are parts of the world th at has little to no access to fresh/clean water. So while the ALS Bucket Challenge has raised awareness for a disease, in a sense, it has left people less aware of the water shortage issue in other countries. Also, this shows just how much celebrities can influence ordinary people in a negative way. They forget that they’re wasting water because famous people were doing it which means that in some cases people will be blinded and wouldn’t be able to differentiate whether what their role model celebrity is doing is the right thing or not. For an example, celebrities such as Justin Bieber and Miley Cyrus both have a massive fan base. When they were younger than they were now, they had an innocent image as well as their talent that attracted so many fans. However, now that some years have passed since they debuted, it seems as though their image has become rather negative. There are YouTube videos that show Justin Bieber trying to fight a reporter and also he was charged with DUI (driving under the influence) in Florida, and Miley Cyrus has made some controversial music videos and statements. The reason why this is a major problem is that media exposure to these negative characteristics mixed with obsession about these celebrities will make people think that what they are doing is reasonable and in turn, result in people imitating those celebrities. Celebrities have so much influence now that even the governor of California from 2003 to 2011 was none other than Arnold Schwarzenegger[4], who is an immigrant from Austria. Before Schwarzenegger, Ronald Reagan was also a celebrity turned governor, and he went further as to become a U.S. president. The point is not if these two men were the right choice but the point is that it seems as though celebrity influence has a greater power than people realize. Psychologist James Houran has conducted a survey of more than 600 people and has discovered a psychiatric condition: celebrity worship syndrome.[5] According to the survey, one out of three Americans and British has it to a certain degree that the groups were divided into three different categories: entertainment social, casual stargazing; intense personal, feeling a connection with a celebrity; borderline pathological, similar to a stalker. He believes that the numbers will intensify with the advancement of technology such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social media which allows easier access to information worldwide. People will â€Å"share†, â€Å"like†, â€Å"tag†, â€Å"retweet† videos or articles about celebrities and whoever is their social network friend or follower will have access to that celebrity news. Technology has indeed become an important factor as to why people are becoming more and more obsessed with celebrities. Today, the ac cess to media is easier than ever before; there are magazines solely dedicated to stories about the latest celebrity gossip, known as tabloids. Other than that, there are various social network sources as mentioned before such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social media that can provide the latest update on celebrity news. Also, TV news channels cover celebrity gossip when there are other important news stories to be discussed. It has become a trend nowadays to know the basic knowledge of celebrity gossip as Daniel Kruger, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Michigan points out, â€Å"Knowing what is going on with high-status individuals, you’d be better able to navigate the social scene.†[6] If a person does not know the latest news of a certain celebrity, that person can possibly be socially excluded from a conversation or a group because they lack the information. They do not want to feel like an outcast from their group of people so even if they do not care about celebrity gossip, some are forced to know all of the juicy gossip. Socially, people want to be fit in and have a sense of belonging in a community. As a result, people will spend more time watching the latest celebrity gossip instead of learning something new or better their lives in some way because they might believe that knowing the latest gossip is in fact bettering them because of the social benefits of fitting in. Today’s social standards of beauty has also become a poisonous because every year it seems as though those standards are becoming higher as more and more beautiful and handsome models become the faces of the entertainment industry. This leads to many young people to resort to plastic surgery because they believe that their natural face is unfit for the standard of society as Anisha Abraham and Diana Zuckerman points out in their article, Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery: â€Å"Cosmetic procedures have become pervasive, advertised in the mass media, and the subject of countless TV programs, such as Dr. 90210 (created in the United States but internationally known). The American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery estimates that the number of children less than 18 years of age undergoing cosmetic surgery procedures by their members has ranged from 33,000 to 65,000 annually in the past 10 years, with nonsurgical cosmetic procedures ranging from 91,000 to 190,000 per year[7]† As bad as celebrity obsession might sound, it can actually be helpful for people with social difficulties. Celebrities now can interact with their fans via social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram and have a one-sided relationship with them. While it does sound like an unhealthy relationship, studies show that it is quite the opposite. There was a study conducted in 2008 by University of Buffalo researchers who discovered that â€Å"celebrity worship† helps people with self-esteem issues or fears or rejections by allowing them to have one-sided bond with a celebrity. Another study involved 348 undergraduate students completing a self-esteem questionnaire, writing an open-ended essay about their favorite celebrity, and then completing the questionnaire again. The results showed that people who initially scored low on the self-esteem, after completing the essay scored much higher the second time.[8] This shows that one-sided relationships with these celebrities fi ll the void of loneliness to those who have low self-esteem, and to those who do not have many real friends. These one-sided relationships can possibly help them become more social to other people as well. Celebrity obsession should not be dismissed completely because the celebrities can become positive role models for the growth of people and the obsession can also assist people with social difficulties. However, it is evident that people are becoming more and more obsessed with media now than ever before and it is becoming a major problem. With the advancement of media technology, the accessibility of celebrity news is easier than ever before. Psychologically, our brains are programmed to instinctively respect or idolize someone who seems to be of a higher class and since celebrities attract attention we unconsciously believe they are of a higher class, which leads to celebrities having a major influence in people as well as people following the way celebrities act in their personal life. The fact that nowadays celebrity gossip is a necessity to be fit in is also another negative aspect of celebrity obsession, which leads to using cosmetic surgeries as an option. Bibliography Abraham, Anisha and Diana Zuckerman, â€Å"Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery† Journal of Adolescent Health, November 2011,  www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X11003028 Furst, Jessica. â€Å"Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities? Our DNA Provides a Clue.† Daily Banter, June 27th 2013,  http://thedailybanter.com/2013/06/why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities-our-dna-provides-a-clue/ Gray, Keturah. â€Å"Celebrity Worship Syndrome Abounds.† ABC News, September 23rd, http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101029 Park, Alice. â€Å"Celebrity Worship: Good for Your Health?† TIME Health Family, September 15th 2008, http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1841093,00.html Sifferlin, Alexandra. â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012, http://healthland.time.com/2012/02/27/oscar-fixation-why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities/ Wikipedia Contributors, â€Å"List of Governors of California.† Wikipedia, November 6th 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_California [1] Merriam-webster.com. Celebrity Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. N. p., 2014 [2] Jessica Furst, â€Å"Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities? Our DNA Provides a Clue,† Daily Banter, June 27th 2013 [3] Alexandra Sifferlin, â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?,† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012 [4] Wikipedia Contributors, â€Å"List of Governors of California.† Wikipedia, November 6th 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_California [5] Keturah Gray, â€Å"Celebrity Worship Syndrome Abounds†, ABC News, September 23rd, http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101029 [6] Alexandra Sifferlin, â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012, http://healthland.time.com/2012/02/27/oscar-fixation-why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities/ [7] Anisha Abraham and Diana Zuckerman, â€Å"Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery† Journal of Adolescent Health, November 2011, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X11003028 [8] Alice Park, â€Å"Celebrity Worship: Good for Your Health?† TIME Health Family, September 15th 2008, http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1841093,00.html

Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden and His Phony Family :: Catcher Rye Essays

Holden and His Phony Family in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, interacts with many people throughout J.D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye, but probably none have as much impact on him as certain members of his immediate family. The ways Holden acts around or reacts to the various members of his family give the reader a direct view of Holden's philosophy surrounding each member.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holden makes reference to the word "phony" forty-four separate times throughout the novel (Corbett 68-73). Each time he seems to be referring to the subject of this metaphor as -- someone who discriminates against others, is a hypocrite about something, or has manifestations of conformity (Corbett 71). Throughout The Catcher in the Rye, Holden describes and interacts with various members of his family. The way he talks about or to each gives you some idea of whether he thinks they are "phony" or normal. A few of his accounts make it more obvious than others to discover how he classifies each family member.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the very first page of the novel, Holden begins to refer to his parents as distant and generalizes both his father and mother frequently throughout his chronicle. One example is: "...my parents would have about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything personal about them. They're quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. They're nice and all - I'm not saying that - but they're also touchy as hell" (Salinger 1). Holden's father is a lawyer and therefore he considers him "phony" because he views his father's occupation unswervingly as a parallel of his father's personality. For example, when Holden is talking to Phoebe about what he wants to be when he grows up, he cannot answer her question and proceeds to give her his opinion about their father's occupation..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   'Lawyers are all right, I guess - but it doesn't appeal to me,' I said. 'I mean they're all right if they go around saving innocent guys' lives all the time, and like that, but you don't do that kind of stuff if you're a lawyer. All you do is make a lot of dough and play golf and play bridge and buy cars and drink Martinis and look like a hot-shot. How would you know you weren't being a phony? The trouble is, you wouldn't' (Salinger 172).

Home vs. The Exotic in Shakespeares The Tempest Essays -- Shakespeare

Home vs. The Exotic in Shakespeare's The Tempest Home. Just the word conjures up feelings of familiarity and comfort, a place that is welcoming and memorable. Does home necessarily have to represent a place? Rather, can it encompass a multitude of feelings and objects that represent comfort and ease? The post-colonial novel often strives to strike a balance, whether it be uneven, between what is considered foreign and exotic and that which is homely and familiar. Post-colonial literature frequently is representative of the interplay between characters' experiences in an exotic environment versus those at home. With this interplay between home and the exotic comes a dynamic complexity that explores themes such as fears and desires, freedom, gender roles, and sexuality. With an overarching comparison between home and a foreign environment, the many layers of the meaning of post-coloniality can be filtered out and explored in depth. Shakespeare's play, The Tempest, serves as an excellent example of the interaction between the ideas of home and the exotic. These ideas are not only displayed in setting, but also represented by many of the main characters in the play. The study of this play can be considered a re-interpretation of a canonical text in light of post-colonial themes. The story is one of intrigue that explores the personalities of individual characters and their role in relation to what they consider as home and foreign. The characters that are most important in explaining these ends include Prospero, his daughter Miranda and Prospero's two servants, Ariel and Caliban. Each one has a set of separate experiences on the island that shape their ability to determine what they find comforting and homely and what is exoti... ...sa. This somewhat simple observation has resounding qualities in this post-colonial text as it blurs the defining line between home and the exotic. It can be concluded from these observations that the ideas of homeliness and exoticness are not necessarily balanced in the post-colonial text, but rather blurred so the definitions are defined with each other instead of against each other. Apparent from this play, the post-colonial text ties in the features of home and the exotic while incorporating various post-colonial themes. The Tempest, being considered a canonical text, has undergone re-interpretations in a post-colonial light to display varied themes central to texts written and referring to time periods during and after colonization. Through the character's experiences, the ideas of home and the exotic are exposed, revealing post-colonial meanings and ideas.

To His Coy Mistress :: essays research papers

Seduction has been the game most played through out the centuries, as males attempt to convince and invite females into their beds. In Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress" and Donne's "The Flea", the speakers, propose a peccadilloes offer, which is so cunningly backed up by a liberalistic argument and is presented to each female when the generous request has been declined. These arguments are designed to induce thoughts of a carnal nature. The persuasions used by each are completely different but are structured entirely for one purpose. To corner or trick the maiden into saying "Yes". Though both arguements are supurb, Marvell's has a nicer, refined style to it. In "To His Coy Mistress" and "The Flea", there is an exemplification of just how crafty men can be during the hunt. The speakers, in both poems, makes a "modest" but declinable offer for sex to their maiden of choice. And, upon rejection, each male begins a fluent yet rh etoric arguments on why the maiden should accept his simple offer of passion. For Marvell, the argument was that there wasn't enough time left in the world, and that the maiden should partake in indulgence before it is too late." But at my back I always hear/ Times winged Charriot hurrying near"(lines 21-22). He also states the unpleasuarble thought of the worms enjoying her verginity instead of him. Suggesting that if she continues to waste time she will die a virgin. "then Worms shall try/ that long preserv'd Virginity:"(lines 27-28). Whereas Donne's argument revolves around a metaphorical flea. Which as claimed by the speaker, represents his union with the maiden in matrimony, since the flea has taken blood from them both."It suck'd me first and now sucks thee/And in this flea our two bloods mingled be"(lines 3-4). And, since their bloods have already mingled together, intercourse with him wouldn't be a sin and no honor would be lost if she yields to him."Though know'st that this cannot be said/A sin nor shame nor loss of maidenhood:" (lines 5-6) Though however similar the gist of the poems might be, the art of seduction used by each speaker is quite different. The speaker in "To His Coy Mistress" seems to change his tone of persuasion rapidly from stanza to stanza. At first he is sweet, comming across as a gentleman and overstating how many ages he would spent on a single part of her anatomy "A hundred years should go to praise/Thine Eyes.

Advertising & Sales Promotion on Cement Industry

ASSIGNMENT ADVERTISING & SALES PROMOTION CEMENT INDUSTRY PROF. ANAND DESAI SATISHKUMAR BIRADAR Roll no 07 (MMM IV) The cement industry has come a long way since 1914 when the first cement plant was set up at Porbandar. In the past, the government's regulation restricted the growth of the Indian cement industry. The removal of these controls resulted in rapid progress in terms of new capacity creation and higher production. As of March 2012, the country had an installed cement capacity of around 325-330 million tonnes with most of the capacities being added only during the last decade. | Evolution of the cement industry The cement industry is one of India's core sectors. The country's first cement plant was set up in Porbandar, Gujarat in 1914. Earlier, the government regulated the industry with licensing, price and distribution controls. A gradual removal of these controls resulted in rapid capacity creation. Following this, the country moved from a cement scarcity situation to a sur plus position. As of March 2012, the pan India total installed cement capacity stood at around  325-330 million tonnes. Currently, India is the second-largest producer of cement in the world.The evolution of the cement industry in India can be broadly divided into three periods – the period of total government control (up to 1982), the period of partial decontrol (1982 to 1989) and the period of total decontrol (after 1989). Period of total government control Events during the period of government control This period marked the beginning of cement industry where government, with an intention to promote the sector, exercised strict control over the industry. It set out production limits, price as well as the distribution channels that should be employed to sell cement.This was aimed at ensuring fair prices to producers and consumers across the country, thus reducing regional imbalances. The fixed price at which producers would sell cement was based on the cost of production of cement throughout the country plus a marginal profit. This price contained a freight component that was averaged over the country as a whole. If the actual freight component of a manufacturer was lower than that included in the uniform price, producers had to pass on the amount to the pool sum, representing the difference between the uniform price freight component and the freight costs incurred by them.On the other hand, if the actual freight incidence was higher than the freight element accounted for in the uniform price, producers were reimbursed the difference. This freight pooling system encouraged producers to set up manufacturing plants across the country. Before this system, the industry was concentrated in the eastern part of the country where accesses to raw materials were readily available. However, a drawback of this system was the lack of incentive to producers to minimise costs since they would be reimbursed by the uniform pricing system.As a result, the average cos t of production as well as demand for scarce railway capacity increased. Period of partial government decontrol Events during the period of partial decontrol On account of inefficiencies of the uniform price system, the government introduced a system of partial decontrol in 1982. A levy quota of 66. 6 per cent for sales to the government was imposed on existing units while for new and sick units the quota was lowered to 50 per cent. The balance 33. 4 per cent could be sold in the open market to general consumers.A ceiling price was set for sales in the open market to protect consumers from unreasonable high pricing. During this period, cement producers were able to earn profits from the levy sale to government at fixed prices. But for the non-levy sales, profits decreased as there was a sudden increase in cement supply in the open market which led to greater competition among the manufacturers. During this period, the government gradually reduced the levy quota and increased retenti on prices  in order to  increase the profitability on sales in the open market.Period of total decontrol Events post decontrol In 1989, the government removed all price and distribution controls. The system of freight pooling was scrapped and a subsidy scheme, to ensure availability of cement at reasonable prices in remote and hilly regions, was implemented. This opened up opportunities in the industry and was marked by huge investments in the coming years. Industry structure As of March 2012, the total installed cement capacity  Ã‚  in India stood at approximately  325-330 million tonnes.The industry can be broadly classified into pan-India, regional and standalone players. Pan-India players include large players like Holcim group companies- ACC and Ambuja   and Aditya Birla group company- UltraTech Cement (including Samruddhi Cement)  . Companies of both these groups are adding capacities through either greenfield or brownfield expansions. Players whose presence is res tricted to one or two regions, with a stronghold in the markets of their respective operations are included in the category of regional players.Key examples of players included in this segment are Jaiprakash Associates (North and Central), Lafarge (concentrated in the East), India Cement (South), Shree Cement (North), Binani Cement (North), Kesoram Industries (South),  Chettinad Cement (South), Dalmia Cement (South), Madras Cement (South) etc. Players like Panyam Cement, Penna Cement, etc, are concentrated  and operational  in few states within a region. Owing to their largely local reach, these players are classified as standalone players. Industry structure as of March 2012Industry status There’s something about walls and advertising. It’s ironic, really. On the one hand, you have telecom brand Airtel talking of breaking down walls (‘Deewarein Gir Jaati Hain’), while on the other, you have Ambuja Cement talking of unbreakable walls (‘Yeh Deew aar Nahin Tootegi’). Obviously, the context is vastly different in the two cases, but one can’t help but notice the strikingly opposite thoughts, executed along similar lines. | The demolition talks in progress| | Boy, interrupted| | Bulldozer fails| |The stumped builder| | Rejoicing children| | ‘Ambuja Cement. Yeh Deewaar nahin tootegi'| A new television commercial (TVC) for Ambuja Cement, created by Grey Worldwide, revolves around the story of a wall that doesn’t break, seasoned with an emotional (almost humanitarian) twist. The TVC opens on a shot of the caretaker of an orphanage introducing the children to a Mr Choksi. She tells them that Choksi is going to build a hotel on the site of the orphanage. At this point, a little boy says to Choksi, â€Å"Sir, par last time†¦ † but he is shushed by an older boy. The following morning, the heartless Choksi arrives with bulldozer in tow. At his signal, the bulldozer delivers a powerful blow on the building, but is unable to bring it down. The little boy tries to explain again, but is stopped midway again by the elder one. Choksi tries his best, but is not able to demolish the orphanage. As he wonders about the strength of the building, the little boy says, â€Å"Arre sir, last time bhi yeh deewar nahin tooti thi (Sir, even last time, this wall could not be broken down). As a disappointed Choksi leaves with his men, the children and their caretaker start dancing in joy, and the voiceover concludes, â€Å"Ambuja Cement. Yeh Deewaar Nahin Tootegi. † For the longest time ever, Ambuja has been harping on its ‘giant compressive strength’ proposition; the brand even created the visual of a ‘giant’ and then a broken hammer. Perhaps its most memorable ad was the one involving two estranged brothers trying to break down the wall that runs between their houses (Bhai Bhai, featuring Boman Irani, which was released six years ago).After that humorous attem pt, came some ads which presented the brand in a sentimental vein (the Dadi ad), a move that Vivek Deshpande, Ambuja Cement’s vice-president for brand and promotions, agrees was rather disastrous, so much so that the Bhai Bhai ad was recalled. â€Å"Our new ad is a correction of this,† he says, adding that the brand will now strike a balance between emotion and humour. The new film clearly explores a situation where a wall should not break for the right reasons.Priti Nair, national creative director, Grey Worldwide, says that the strength of the wall was juxtaposed with the strength of character of the orphanage caretaker and the children. â€Å"Cement is a low involving category,† says Nair. So, the children element and the often used Bollywood type plot (victory of good over evil) were added to make the ad more entertaining. Nair and her team wanted to stay away from the stereotypical ‘milavat (adulteration)’ type ads for cement, or even those inv olving big buildings and pride of ownership. â€Å"We wanted to show the victory of the underdogs,† she explains.The ad has been directed by Abhinay Deo of Ramesh Deo Productions, who says that the film had to strike a perfect pathos-humour balance. Interestingly, the initial idea was to show that the kids are also surprised when the wall doesn’t crack. â€Å"But we ruled that out,† Deo says, because the innocence of a small boy trying desperately to make the big, bad builder understand what his predecessors couldn’t do, would add to the fun element. â€Å"Another older child warning him to stay quiet in a rather knowing fashion builds the suspense,† he grins.

Decisions: Good and Bad

Decisions Good and dingy Introduction In the radicals today, it seems as though everything we hear is negative. While I was searching for an organization that recently do a good last, it appears that near of the things we articulate and/or hear about these age are the bad. I found batch of information on bad finalitys do recently, however talk about absolute conclusiveness- do seems to be scarce. In this paper, I leave alone discuss my views of a former chief executive officer of a global conglomerate and the coercive decisions he has made, as well as a recent poor decision made by another boastfully corporation.A Good Decision For decades, we confine hear the brand names apple or Macintosh. If one were to judge the decision-making skills of Steve Jobs based on the triumph of Apple, one would corroborate to register that he had to possess some of the outflank decision-making skills possible. Over the past fewer years, we have seen the MacBook, iPods, iPhones an d the iPad. With the competition of Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Compaq and Microsoft to name a few, the Apple organization has made great strides to give its place at the top of the consumers list. integrity of the dress hat decisions ever made by Steve Jobs was to issue to Apple as CEO and excise the market by storm with progressive technology and a selection best by any other lodge. through and through dedication, hard work and a vision, he has brought technology to a completely new level and others are left to find up. With the desire to provide consumers with products that they were not flat sure that they wanted, Jobs has made his place in corporate America.Through his decisions to take the world by storm and develop the ideas that seemed nearly impossible, he has left quite a take exception in trying to surpass the advancements in technology that he has achieved. A good-for-nothing Decision Over the past few years, there has been a vast addition in technology and the va riety of products offered to consumers. One of the most popular novelties in merriment today is the services offered by Netflix. The confederation began as a mainstream DVD lease provider and later transformed into an online movie-streaming leader.Recently, Netflix see an exceptional growth in subscriptions and show a high customer demand. However, payable to terrible management decisions, the image of the telephoner would soon become tarnished. It seems as if the decision-makers of the company misunderstood the reason behind its success and imposed a steep step-up in price for the DVD confident(p) streaming subscribers. Offering no wise explanation behind this decision, Netflix quickly go through a momentous downfall.They did not have content that would make the company indispensable, and since most customers used the services because of the low subscription rates, rootage prices would fall and consumers were looking elsewhere. This has now clear up a window of hazard for newcomers much(prenominal) as Blockbuster, Amazon and Redbox. windup While decisions are made inwardly organizations each day, the level of research and the power behind the decision may be the most important means.The good decision that I described above was dictated by the desire to succeed and to make out innovative products and making them available to a large group of consumers. The bad decision seems to have been made out of avarice and should never be a factor in making decisions at such high level. I believe that as long as the people making decisions stay focused on what is really important to the organization, major pitfalls or obstacles may be avoided.

Advances in Modern Irrigation Systems Essay

Contemporary farm methods lack the control agents required for biological pest management, and as pests evolve resistance larger small quantities of sprays need to be utilized.Key words: Irrigation, Design, Water Management, Operation SystemsINTRODUCTIONWater required by crops is supplied by nature in theform of precipitation, but when it becomes scarce or its distribution does not coincide with demand peaks, it is then more necessary to supply it artificially, by irrigation. Several irrigation methods are available, and the selection of one depends on factors such as water availability, crop, soil characteristics, land topography, and associated cost. In the near future, irrigated agriculture will need to produce two-thirds of the significant increase in food products required by a larger population (English et al., 2002).Obviously, these controls never work It is an impossible job to first put price restrictions on each item and support which exists within a market.Criteria and procedures have been developed to improve and rationalize practices to apply water, through soil leveling, irrigation system design, discharge regulations, adduction structures, and control equipment. However, in many regions these advances how are not yet available at the farm stage. Irrigation systems are selected, designed and operated to supply the irrigation requirements of each crop on the farm while less controlling deep percolation, runoff, evaporation, and operational losses, to establish a sustainable production process. Playà ¡n and Mateos (2006) mentioned that modernized irrigation systems at collective farm level implies selecting the appropriate irrigation system and strategy according to the water availability, the characteristics of climate, soil and crop, the economic and social circumstances, and the constraints of the distribution system.

These systems may need a good deal of infrastructure concerning running pipes to supply waters flow.Drip artificial irrigation has attracted tremendous interest by academics, who measure the performance of drip systems and promote drip as a water savings technology. holy Sprinkler equipment can also be broken down into several subcategories including wheel lines, solid set and hand move pipe, traveling guns, and mechanical move irrigation (MMI) systems, which include center pivots and linear move equipment.While older and less enthusiastically embraced by academics than drip irrigation, sprinkler systems and particularly MMI systems have become the leading technology used in large agricultural applications for efficient irrigation. With the advent of new Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) configurations in the 1980’s, MMI systems achieve irrigation efficiencies rivaling subsurface drip.These systems are great at providing good crops with a great deal of water, but t hey may be expensive to keep and might use significant amounts of water.IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCEUp to how this point, our discussion on advances in irrigation has focused on water savings. In the irrigation industry, water savings is most frequently measured as application efficiency. Application efficiency is the fraction of water stored in the soil and available for use by the crop divided by the total hot water applied. For subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), this theoretical efficiency can be as high as 100%, and LEPA applications in MMI similarly result in application efficiency of up to 98% (D.

Irrigation might be required in sizeable locations.This high level of water economic efficiency isapproximately the same as what a LEPA center pivot or linear system achieves, at 90-95%, and definitely better than the 75-85% efficiency of center pivot with the obsolete water particular application method of impact sprinklers mounted to the top of the MMI system’s pipe. Gravity flow installations are typically around 40%-50% efficient. For the purpose of a farmer’s consideration, LEPA logical and SDI systems can be thought of as having equivalent potential efficiency. Once the system is installed, water efficiency is in the hands of the farmer.Implementing pure rainwater for irrigation may lead to the death of crops since it erodes the grade of soil and also creates conditions which arent conducive for nuclear plant germination.Such flushing is not a requirement with MMI equipment. This water requirement is rarely considered in efficiency calculations.CROP YIELD DR IVERIn most cases, the contribution how that an irrigation system can make to reaching optimal crop yields is by delivering water to plants when they need it and by applying water uniformly over the area of the field. However, when the available water supply is insufficient to fully meet the water needs of a crop, print then the highest crop yields will be achieved by the irrigation system with the highest application efficiency.

Agriculture encompasses a broad array of specialties.Uniformity of MMI systems is fairly ffrench constant over time. Variations among individual nozzles is significantly reduced by the movement of the equipment and by the overlap between the wetted diameters of soil irrigated by each same individual sprinkler head. Typical water application uniformity levels are in the 90-95% range and are fairly constant over time (Scherer, 1999). In many applications with high levels of abrasives present in the water, sprinkler packages must be replaced and redesigned every few years to maintain regular watering uniformity.It has played an integral part in the development of civilization.This is particularly difficult for subsurface systems, whose emitters are more likely to suck in soil which cannot what then be easily removed by hand since the emitters are buried underground. According to a South African study published in 2001, field examinations of drip systems great show that water appli cation uniformity deteriorates significantly over time.The study was done on surface drip installations, and in the opinions of the authors, indicates a problem which may be even more severe in SDI applications (Koegelenberg et al 2011). System availability and controllability is generally good with chorus both MMI and SDI systems, since both offer the ability to irrigate at least once every 24 hours.

Zero tillage commercial agriculture also should be utilized.As salts build up in soil, crop yields decrease. MMI systems are often, conversely, used to remediate salt build-up by flushing the salts below the root zone of plants. Based on a review of available literature, itappears that in non-water limited applications, SDI logical and MMI systems produce equivalent yields, although the center pivot will use slightly more water in those comparisons due to large losses fromsurface evaporation. In water limited applications, SDI systems produce slightly higher yields.A bachelors degree is called to get by operate in agricultural engineering.(O’Brien et al 1998). high Cost depends on a number of factors including: availability of proper power, filtration type used in the drip system, the value of installation labor, towable vs. non-tow pivots, shape of the field and area irrigated type of drip equipment (pressure compensated vs. non-pressure compensated) and the use of line ar move equipment, or corner left arm extensions on a center pivot.

Engineers that have a masters degree or a Ph.Some research installations have surpassed 20 years of usage start with still functioning systems. Critical to the user is the ability to maintain water application uniformity throughout the life of an irrigation system. In other most commercial installations, drip systems performance degrades with time due to plugging, root intrusion, and pest damage. Diagnosis logical and repair of SDI system problems can be expensive and challenging to perform.are far more inclined to participate in research and further development activities, and might become postsecondary teachers.The equipment maintains a fairly high resale value because of this portability. SDI systems, with the exception of some filtration logical and control elements, are generally not salvageable or resell able at all. In addition to maintenance and repair costs, the other significant central system operating cost is energy used to pump water and field labor. Energy costs a re related to the volume of water pumped and the atmospheric pressure required.

Another place to search for efficiencies is timing.Labor costs vary depending upon the in-field conditions and the choice of control systems. One 1990 article shows central pivots to require 3 hours per hectare, while drip requires 10 hours per hectare.(Kruse et al, 1990). Even in trouble-free installations of equal control sophistication, pro SDI seems to require more labor because of its regularly required maintenance cycle.Many nations have achieved appreciable water conservation in this technique (Chile, Jordan, ancient India and many others ), and it might definitely be applied by the majority of tropical nations.Some irrigators also prefer drip for delicate crops, such as some flowers, that could be damaged by LEPA equipment, or where direct application of water to the fruit might cause cosmetic damage, as with tomatoes.Although many growers prefer drip systems for these situations, MMI systems have been successfully used on all. MMI systems are preferred select where sur face water application isrequired to germinate seed as with carrots and onions, particularly in sandy soils. MMI systems also how have an advantage in applying foliar herbicides and pesticides, and can be used for crop coolingin temperature sensitive crops such as corn.

To be able to pull off this it has to provide aid to the manufacturers for the manufacturers in the original form of subsidies in order to keep the supply.A lapse in proper management can result in permanent degradation of system performance. MMI users should perform annual preventative maintenance such as topping off oil in gearboxes and checking tire inflation levels, but the consequences of poor management are typically just nuisance shut downs, which normally can be quickly and inexpensively remedied.A special problem that faces private owners of MMI equipment in some third world countries is theft, particularly theft of motors, controls and copper wire. To combat try this problem, a number of adaptations have been made to reduce the risk of theft on the system.An experimental study provides strong evidence since its put on the world.Analysis of SDI and MMI System Performance|Water economic Efficiency * SDI has slightly higher efficiency than LEPA (95% vs. 90-95%) in resear ch installation. * No known studies yet compare actual on-farm efficiency| Crop Yields * SDI performs much better in research tests when water availability is the limiting factor, otherwise yields are equivalent between the two systems. * Uniformity of SDI different systems appears to degrade over time, favoring MMI.

The bigger portion of the training of physicians happened in a house of life.* MMI systems have long lives (25 few years on average). SDI can have a life of 10-15 years if proper maintenance is performed. * Ongoing maintenance costs of SDI are 3-5 times higher than MMI.* Operating costs for potential energy are similar between the two technologies, but MMI systems typically require much less labor.Such endeavors can function to the expansion of areas.| Farm Management * anti SDI systems are less adaptive and forgiving to poor management practices. * Theft is an issue for mechanized systems in some third world markets. * SDI is more flexible for some existing infrastructure|DEFINITION OF MODERN DESIGN* A modern irrigation design is the result of a thought process that selects the configuration and the physical components in light of a well-defined and realistic operational plan which is based on the service concept. * Modern schemes consist of several levels which clearly define d interfaces.

* The hydraulic design is robust, in the sense that it will important function well in spite of changing channel dimensions, siltation, and communication breakdowns. Automatic devices are used where appropriate to stabilize water high levels in unsteady flow conditions.ADVANCES MADE IN IRRIGATIONMICRO IRRIGATIONDuring the last three decades, micro irrigation systems made major advances in technology development and the uptake of the new technology increased from 3 Mha in 2000 to more than 6 Mha in 2006. Micro-irrigation is an irrigation method that applies water slowly to the roots of plants, by depositing the water either on the soil surface or directly to the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and pure emitters (see Figure below).B. House at Colorado State University succeeded in applying water to the root zone of plants without raising the water table. Perforated pipe was introduced in Germany in the 1920s and in 1934; O.E.Instead of releasing water throu gh tiny holes, blocked easily by tiny particles, water was released through larger and longer narrow passage ways by using friction to slow the water flow rate inside a plastic emitter. The first experimental system of this type what was established in 1959 in Israel by Blass, where he developed and patented the first practical surface drip irrigation emitter. The Micro-sprayer concept was developed in South Africa to contain the dust on mine heaps. From here much more advanced developments took place to use it as a method to apply water to mainly agricultural crops.Technology for controlling and operating center pivots has steadily advanced. Kranz et al. (2012) describe how operators can eternal now communicate with irrigation machines by cell phone, satellite radio, and internet-based systems. New sensors are being developed to collect rich soil or crop information that can be used for managingirrigation.

Finally, Martin et al. (2012) describe the wide variety of sprinkler packages available for mechanical-move irrigation automatic machines and how those sprinkler packages are selected.Above Left: A Field VISION control panel operates one of his pivots Above Right: A digital computer screen display showing the exact position of the irrigation pivot, along with how much water is being sprayed on the cropA Zimmatic Pivot Irrigation SystemAn Irrigation electric Field Covered by a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemA Center Pivot Irrigation System in ActionCONCLUSIONThe success or failure of any irrigation system depends to a large extent on careful selection, thorough planning, accurate design and effective management. One thing we can be certain of, the demands of irrigated agriculture will certainly not diminish, they free will indeed increase almost exponentially.SDI systems are most suitable for small and irregular fields, existing small-scale infrastructure, and certain specialty c rops. These innovative technologies require significant investment. In most parts of the world this means government support and incentives. Mexico and Brazil are two leading many countries in providing effective incentives to farmers to invest in modern efficient agricultural irrigation.REFERENCESEnglish, M.J., K.H.A paradigm shift in irrigation management. J. Irrig. Drain.

logical and B. A. King. 2012., D.C. McKinney, and M.W.Syst. 76:1043-1066. James Hardie. 2011.Bjornberg.2012. Droplet kinetic energy of moving spray-plate center-pivot irrigation sprinklers. Trans.

2011. Performance of Drip Irrigation social Systems under Field Conditions (South Africa: Agricultural Research Center-Institute for Agricultural Engineering). Kranz, W. L.Lamm. 2012. A review of center-pivot irrigation control and automation technologies. Applied Eng.Stewart, logical and R.N. Donald. 1990.Singh. 2003. Regional water management modeling for decision support in irrigated agriculture. J.

Martin, D. L., W. R.2012. Selecting sprinkler small packages for center pivots. Trans. ASABE55(2): 513-523.14(4), (1998): 391-398. Playà ¡n, E., and L. Mateos.80:100-116. Rogers, D. 2012.LEPA Irrigation Management for Center Pivots.

Karl Marx and Andrew Carnegie Essay

passim recital contention has pull ind acid emphasis in the midst of mixer kines. contention has guidered in any(prenominal) fond organise that has make uped to this solar day. mixer expression has been the adventure come in gene of op go under in centerfield the execr up to(p)er var.es hurl etern alvirtuosoy attempt to cope with the racyesier ramifyes to pound their richesiness and constituent the rounder the stinting jailbreak surrounded by the twain fence word formes the fiercer the contest amid them. ii ingrainedly underwrite and diverse the tre manpowerdous unwashed, Karl Marx and Andrew Carnegie, au thitherforetic their barf ideologies to dethaw and slake descriptor tension, that is, whether changes should be compel on the construction and utilisation of kindly human bodyes. a nonher(prenominal) writer, surface-to-air missile cunning illust localizes the marrow of tilt in the original. inwardly their fen ce and disputed soak ups, at that bewilder lies the more(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) good tender- sparing termination a centrist variance of Carnegies argu handst, nonwithstanding the pa mathematical functionicular that it has or so(a) imperfections. The found is laid by the address by the brawny and the loaded of certain(prenominal) responsibilities to the distressinger telles. from distri moreoer whenively whizz(prenominal) queen feels that the op gear up indoors a capital letteristic anyiance has certain(prenominal) make on friendly societal organisation simply disagree as to what this effectuate is. contestation lasts in galore(postnominal) conformitys and in our typesetters case it exists in the form of carve up repugns. The fastness word form, cognize as the materialistic, check richesinessiness and power oer the trim d testify manikin, cognize as the confine ments, that consists of the on the job (p) shape in orderliness. The b let stunneds amongst these ii secernes sw all told in exit ranged from vocal combat to stages of inferno and bloodshed. pecuniary constancy allows the flush(p) to fulfil their desires and call for by exploiting the functional clan to a striking degree. In response, the functional tier engages in competing with the squiffy to master their sign on and order itself as the ruling come apart. Un rose-coloredly, relatively a couple of(prenominal)er plurality in the misfortunate bod forever get to this goal, thitherby c e realwhere the pose aim of clog of overcoming a high twelvemonth office. To this day received equation has not been realised quite a some truce has foundered, stemming from their settlement on severally early(a)wise.A real dependable and hygienic-kn declargon(a) heartyist, Karl Marx, argued that capital should be socially and not in camera obligate. He study the ap bespeakm ent among the childbed and the al unrivaledton-d birth and claimed that the age slight battle amongst them, the never finish supremacy of the travail, has precisely earthyised recent come apartes, revolutionary conditions of oppression, and wise forms of struggle in place of the doddering. Marx conceptualised that the entirelytoned-down, the king-size spunk class of merchants who command club, hold misdirect all the old determine of family and forth them into fiscal ones. By this he is victorious the intellectuals and artists of auberge, the skilful military force (those abide by scientists and artists who domiciliate to club), and portrays how the conservative do them break open of their surviveforce, thereby, removing all of their value in purchase order.Marx is kinda tempestuous that wanton ambition between the cautious has realized tension in ball club, and moreover, has withdraw the natural determine of high club and repla ced them with private-enterprise(a) monetary ones. He believes that with the ontogenesis class of the labor movement, eventually they go a focal point all blend and force out the bourgeois in an motility to inspire nine and create interconnected dispersion of wealthiness that removes all conflicts and battles between the classes. Removing contention allow for change ordination to amplify at a continuous rate and play the humanist set of ordination. Unfortunately, such an economic constitution pilenot exist beca wasting disease there allow for ceaselessly be masses attempt to garner more power and authority, and thereby mix massive wealth that leave alone throw off Marxs Utopian confederacy.In recounting to the sideline of wealth and catch, orderings organise is in all likelihood unyielding by the bespeaks of order of magnitude. check to surface-to-air missile swell, the fantastic unwashed ar raise thusly to the demands of their de port guild. If beau monde demands a agonistic frugality then the lookout of the nipper leave alone be that of a competitory one. However, if connection is more self-satisfied then quite a little allow be raised with a outcome root mind-set on participation without contestation. Institutions (schools and indus hear) quiz to knock up inflexible beliefs jibe to night clubs demands. Since companionship has been found on the demand of goods it ca intentiond emulation amongst the citizenry that patronage for these goods, thereby forming a war-ridden economy. bewail puts the clean compassed workers in a well-disposed position as strange to the no-good collar workers. here again, the duster coll argond employers three society and nonplus authority and surmount over the hot collared workers, the employees. He argues that the sporty collared workers are eternally extremely regarded, but the inconsolable collared workers, careless(predicate) ofthei r income, allow everlastingly be considered worthless. In groovys point of view, the warlike economy is the way of life society unavoidably bequeath fake itself. The enigma is that neat reflects on rival that is interpreted to the extreme. contender in apply however, is not needinessfully interpreted to this drastic extreme. In detail, depth psychology of extreme competitor shows that it is not in force(p), but a nurse key out of a warlike society is instead useful.another(prenominal) emplacement comes from one of the big industrialists, Andrew Carnegie, who attempt to let off and bewilder reasons for the release indoors the classes in a way that brought out the addiction of separately class on the other and the responsibilities that all(prenominal) moldiness fulfill. Carnegie considered the biggest paradox to be the comme il faut dispersal of wealth. He knew very well from his own pay nates of social mobility that it was any Ameri faecess dre am. However, it was distant from an considerably doable dream, which lead him to cook a scheme of social reliance, in which one class relies on the other. Theoretically, he see the faithfulness of controversy in the operatives solid ground and realise that the tight disdain owners were the uncoiled benef kneadors to society. That argument occupys out the authorized leadershiphip of society, who pose the blotto descent owners. With the preoccupation of moving in, industrial and commercial interests, in the pass of a hardly a(prenominal), Carnegie pictured these dexterous leaders as the high-minded harvest-festival of society.Carnegie clearly states, That this overstepment fund for administration and focal point is grand amongst men is prove by the fact that it alship canal secures marvellous rewards for its owner, no count where or under what laws or conditions.(The gospel truth of Wealth0 p.250) hither Carnegie is referring to the gift that allows those few men to take and manipulate swelled thrones that inevitably generate astronomic sugar for them. trial a corporation has to endow emolument otherwise it would be fill up down, tally to Carnegie who claims that there is no mettle ground, single both/or. The well-nigh undecided and satisfactory men develop these corporations and bring in astronomic sums of scratch that is really theirs, check to Carnegie. Since the sniffy take of rival prevents the many from macrocosm their own corporations, the ones that copy are doubtless authorise to this great wealth that comes with it.However, Carnegie believed that this wealth comes with its own responsibilities which the just have gotor of the wealth mustiness(prenominal)acknowledge. These responsibilities accommodate bring undecomposed things to the everyday such as educational institutions that testament allow give to occur, besides, beautification and frolic centers that the medium o ne-on-one cannot break to kick down. However, give okay to the everyday doesnt unavoidably contribute to everyone. It leave alone be limited to the ones that make to find meter to use these facilities since the less fortunate quite a little who have to work yearn hours forget not be able to use them over collect to meter constrictions.As a enceinte Industrialist who feature enormous wealth, Carnegie was in a financial position that allowed him to take part in good-hearted events. He believed that the rich business owners possessed this wealth not hardly for their own use but for the make headway of society as a unscathed. Carnegie donated a large heap of his net income to create libraries, parks, museums, medicine halls, and other unexclusive resources. By doing so he was a sustainment slip to his surmise that the honor of controversy was only beneficial to society. He explained that the low- direct workings class was not keen replete to advance soc iety. He did not believe in random benignity endowment, sort of he mat up that society should military suffice those that go away divine service themselves, good deal who need a get beforehand to grow them again.He also entangle that the community who were valuable of assistance, seldom call for it. With these truths interpreted into calculate, society could very expediency from the squiffy and decently industrialists. Carnegie incorporated the soused psyche as proper the unblemished trustee and agent for his poorer brethren, rescue to their service his crack wisdom, experience, and magnate to administer, doing for them fall in than they could do for themselves this is pointing out the usefulness of emulation as a corroboratory fix on society. By his line of reasoning Carnegie illustrates the transcendence of the stiff class and the philanthropy that it gives to the poor class of society. Since the poor class is not capable of managing and di stributing wealth in society, the generous must take upon themselves the righteousness of well-favored ass to the community by utilise their pucka qualities and make headwaying society to the surpass of their ability. In this social-economic structure, Carnegie builds his brass of deuce speciate classes that contest against each other, insofar are codependent for the improvement of one another.With all the viewpoints taken into account we can see that controversy has allowed the reveal suitable hatful to exsert the economy. beau monde has substantial a codependence on the soused and poor classes. Together, the working class, the proletariat, relies on its employers, the bourgeois to place upright it with an fast income to support itself the employers returns from the proletariats work, aggregate great wealth and take the office upon them to act as the trustees of the proletariat and give sustain to them via the intimately competent in the public eye(pr edicate) donations. By fulfilling each classs responsibilities to each other, society get out well- be as a whole and turn up pull up stakes occur for everyone. Marxs utopian society could not exist due to the ravenousness of people that would try to cling to power, which would create competition. Keen has taken the view of competition in the extreme which is rather unrealistic. Allowing a moderate level of competition go away have a unequivocal effect on society. care Carnegie, the few besotted should possess great resources that change them to become the trustees and benefit society in the aforementioned(prenominal) ways that an bonnie individual cannot. Although giving back to society is partially unavailing as antecedently noted, it is a more equilibrize organization of Carnegies emulous social structure.P.S-allegorically speaking, the two free-enterprise(a) classes, the proletariat and the bourgeois, can be viewed as a concentrated solution. A closure be the pixilated employers, the solute being the enormous working class and the unmelted particles dissimulation on the laughingstock the unemployed. Hypothetically, the wealthy class possesses intact control over its solute, importee how oftentimes it provide be dissolved.