Legend vs. Pop Culture The Dual Characterization of Merlin - Literature Essay Samples

Merlin has existed as the quintessential imaginary magical figure for centuries. Recognizable by name before even the writing of Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur, the Merlin figure pervades art throughout time, featured in numerous books, paintings, and films. Although the general consensus on Merlin’s demeanor persists as his being a wise, mysterious counselor, a second version of the character has arisen due to animated children’s films, specifically Walt Disney’s The Sword in the Stone. This film’s portrayal of Merlin as a kooky, strange hermit who borders on foolishness at times has influenced many other adaptations of the character including the one depicted in DreamWorks’ Shrek the Third. While an eccentric and odd Merlin opposes his traditional characterization, the medium calls for the necessity of Merlin being presented this way. As animation’s target audience is generally children, the realistic and dark aspects of the chara cter are dropped in favor of entertainment and appeal. This opposing characterization both adds and detracts from the canonical Merlin, infringing on the legendary perception of him while adding more depth and arguably more mystery to the character. J. Hillis Miller’s â€Å"Narrative† argues that society craves the same story in repetition, so the skewing of the traditional aspects of the cultural figure not only adds a form of entertainment but also forces the new Merlin to act in conjunction with the old. Due to animated films altering the character of Merlin, a dual characterization has arisen which both adds and detracts from the original Merlin described in Arthurian legends and alters the character’s overall canonical personality. Merlin in the Morte Darthur offers an example of the traditional â€Å"Merlin† figure. Sir Thomas Malory’s wizard character is mysterious, wise, and drives the plot along. Upon his first introduction, it appears that Malory assumes his reader already understands who Merlin is as he offers no exposition on the character and merely immediately thrusts him into the action. Merlin then occasionally pops into the story, giving King Arthur advice and exhibiting some magical power. Even when not directly in the story itself, other characters refer to Merlin in reverence and remembering his power. While Malory never explores the extent of Merlin’s personality or power, it is stated that he has powers of disguise and prophesy along with extensive knowledge of both magical and real elements. Merlin himself never reveals aspects of his character beyond being a wise counselor who obeys his king, and little of Merlin’s own story is written in Malory’s work. Unli ke other versions of Merlin, Malory’s character acts solely as the static and one-dimensional sagacious, mysterious sorcerer who is necessary for the plot to continue at times. While Malory’s Merlin offers the traditional perception of the character, Walt Disney’s film The Sword in the Stone introduced a different version of Merlin. Unlike the unexpected visitor role Merlin plays in the Morte Darthur, Disney’s Merlin has a much greater role in Arthur’s life, guiding him for essentially the entire movie. While this Merlin also acts as a counselor for Arthur, he is both a friend and holds more power over Arthur and his decisions. He also possesses great wisdom, however, unlike the foreboding and stiff Merlin Malory presents, Disney’s Merlin is silly, clumsy, and absent-minded. Although he possesses the power of prophecy, this ability, along with many others, is not entirely full-proof. This Merlin offers little mystery, instead playing the role of a kooky old man. Despite the extreme discrepancies between Malory and Disney’s characterizations of Merlin, the Disney version of the character has become quite popular, eno ugh so to be included in Arthurian parody. DreamWorks’ Shrek the Third, a children’s film which parodies Arthurian legends, takes both versions of Merlin previously discussed, spoofs the original, and furthers the ridiculousness of the character introduced in The Sword in the Stone. DreamWorks’ Merlin plays little role in the plot itself, existing what appears to be solely an opportunity to spoof another Arthurian aspect of the legends. While aforementioned Merlins played the role as mentor to Arthur, this aspect of Merlin is unnecessary in the film as the titular character Shrek fulfills this role. Instead, the film parodies this aspect of Merlin by portraying him as insane, mentioned that he was once a teacher before his â€Å"nervous breakdown† (Shrek the Third). This Merlin eats rocks, is quite dramatic, and wears clichà © Merlin attire—wizards hat and robe, however, this is also spoofed. DreamWorks’ version of Merlin is not the great and powerful sorcerer as described in previou s lore, but rather possesses more mediocre â€Å"special effects†-type magic and doubts himself and his abilities. Even when he performs more advanced magic, it only works partly as to add to the comedic elements of the film. DreamWorks’ foolish characterization of Merlin represents how much the idea of who Merlin is has changed over time, especially in thanks to children’s films. The change of Merlins characterization overtime is mostly due to the necessity of adapting the character to the films’ targeted audience. Generally designed for children, such films rely on stereotypical tropes as to allow for juvenile audiences to understand the plot and characters. If the Merlin character was the powerful, mysterious figure he is in Morte Darthur, he would not fit into a children’s film where generally â€Å"good guys† are more lighthearted and open. As children’s films call upon certain types of character, Merlin’s personality must then be changed as to appeal to the target audience. Similarly, the animated style of the films requires a specific type of character that differs from the traditional characterization of Merlin. Since animation removes the realism from the story, so must the realistic aspects of the characters be removed. Therefore, the original version of Merlin is dropped in favor of a more fantastic adaptation as t o befit the medium; the loss of the realism associated with the dark and mysterious figure allows for the addition of more comedy and imaginative aspects of the character. Also, if Merlin were similar to his Morte Darthur counterpart, there would be no shock factor for those that know the canonical version of the character thus removing some of the comedy related to him. This would also detract from the entertainment, making the targeted audience bored and unamused by seeing an adult as normally seen in everyday life. As this man is an elderly wizard, an authority figure in society, he must have a sense of absurdity in order to appeal to children while also appealing to adults who know what the character normally is and add to the comedy/parody of the film(s). Therefore, the foolish adaptations of Merlin appeal to all audiences, both young and old, which also allows for the characterization to become popular. By having such a ridiculous version of the character become so common in pop culture, this adaptation of Merlin infringes upon the original canonical version of the sorcerer. What was once only perceived and referenced as the epitome of wisdom and magic, children’s films have warped into a silly, old man trope. Not only do these adaptations of Merlin seemingly reduce him to a static figure meant only for entertainment, but also allow for a silly Merlin to become the â€Å"original† version of the character for many. Many children’s first introduction to the character may be through these comedic films which then infringes upon the canonical character, effectively instilling a new â€Å"original† Merlin, depending on the generation, and slowly replacing the Morte Darthur version of Merlin as the primary characterization. Although these comedic Merlins do detract from and somewhat replace the Morte Darthur Merlin, it could be argued that by introducing the new trope—Merlin being a kooky hermit—allows for the character to be adapted for modern audiences and expanded upon, thus making him more dynamic and perhaps even more mysterious as his true nature is debatable. The adaptations of Merlin revamp the character and make it something new while still relying on its past interpretations. Miller’s chapter â€Å"Narrative† discusses how â€Å"we need the same story over and over† (70) for we crave recognizable content as it asserts â€Å"the basic ideology of our culture† (72). In this way, the adaptations of Merlin that make him out as foolish rely on the basic human desire for repetition of a familiar trope through people’s past experiences with the character whilst offering a new and interesting version to keep audiences interested. Then, as the â€Å"new † Merlin is assimilated into the culture and story canon, the new character traits become associated with the character and craved by audiences to be repeated. As the new adaptation of Merlin becomes more used in our culture, it does not override the preexisting ideas of the character, but rather adds to the cultural interpretation of Merlin instating a dual characterization. The Morte Darthur-type Merlin still prevails as a recognizable character, known for power, wisdom, and magic, but once The Sword in the Stone warped this version of the character to create a new adaptation, making Merlin kooky, foolish, and magically unreliable, he lost his aspects of realism and thus sank further into a mythical lore of our culture. By having opposing versions of the character so present in our culture, the character can be adapted however the adapters see fit like with Shrek the Third who chose to further the ridiculousness of Merlin as introduced in the Disney film. While the newer Merlin characterization does detract from the original canon version, it cannot be ignored that through the existence of another perception of the character, Merlin becom es more dynamic and a more mysterious figure as his nature does not have a consensus. By having a dual characterization of Merlin, thanks to animated children’s films, the character appeals to a wider audience and modernizes the character, making the Arthurian legendary figure relevant in modern culture. Works Cited Malory, Thomas, Sir. Sir Thomas Malorys Morte Darthur: A New Modern English Translation Based on the Winchester Manuscript. Trans. Dorsey Armstrong. Anderson: Parlor Press, 2009. Print. Merlin. Disney Wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. Merlin (Shrek the Third). WikiShrek. N.p., n.d. Web. Miller, J. Hillis. Narrative. Critical Terms for Literary Study. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1995. N. pag. Print. Seanny, and Liambonez. Ask John: Why is Animation Associated with Children’s Entertainment? AnimeNation Anime News Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. Shrek the Third. Dir. Chris Miller. DreamWorks, 2007. The Sword in the Stone. Dir. Wolfgang Reitherman. Walt Disney, 1963.

Serial Killers A Psychological Viewpoint Essay - 1858 Words

This literature review focuses on serial killers from a psychological viewpoint while trying to answer the question, â€Å"Are serial killers born to kill or are they bred to kill?† Firstly, this review will define a serial killer and the different kinds of killers, then it will take a look at different case studies of children who fantasized about mass killing and identify similarities between the cases attempt to find a way to possibly prevent their fantasies from becoming reality. The debate of nature vs. nurture is also discussed as psychologists and researchers come to the conclusion that environmental factors play a bigger role in the developmental character of a person than genetics, but there is still no definite answer as to why some individuals grow up with the urge to murder other people and/or animals. INTRODUCTION Throughout history, serial killers and murderers have received a significant number of news articles dedicated to them and have attracted audiences all around the world; however, the question that nobody can seem to answer is, â€Å"Why?† What causes people to grow up with the desire to kill and what can we do to prevent others from becoming serial killers in the future? â€Å"All serial killers are murderers, but not all murderers are serial killers,† as stated on The Undergraduate Times. A serial murder is defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as â€Å"the unlawful homicide of at least two people, carried out in a series over a period of time,† while mass murder is theShow MoreRelated Serial Killers: Monsters or Mentally Ill Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pages Studies show that traits of a serial killer can be seen in a person at a very young age. Most warning signs go unnoticed which is why the growth of the killer continues. 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Financial Analysis - 7553 Words

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A Survey On Security Data Sharing Application For...

TITLE: A Survey on Security in data sharing application for Decentralized military network. Abstract: Portable hubs in military situations, for example, a front line or a threatening locale are liable to experience the ill effects of irregular system network and continuous allotments. Interruption tolerant system (DTN) advances are getting to be fruitful arrangements that permit remote gadgets conveyed by officers to correspond with one another and access the classified data or summon dependably by misusing outer stockpiling hubs. The absolute most difficult issues in this situation are the implementation of approval strategies and the approaches redesign for secure information recovery. Ciphertext-approach trait based encryption (CP-ABE) is a promising cryptographic answer for the entrance control issues. Be that as it may, the issue of applying CP-ABE in decentralized DTNs presents a few security and protection challenges as to the property denial, key escrow, and coordination of characteristics issued from distinctive powers. In this paper, we propose a safe information recovery plan utilizing CP-ABE for decentralized DTNs where various key powers deal with their qualities freely. We show how to apply the proposed instrument to safely and effectively deal with the private information dispersed in the disturbance tolerant military system. Keywords: Access control, attribute-based encryption (ABE), disruption-tolerant network (DTN), multi authority, secure data retrieval.Show MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesSTUDY I-5 Data Governance at InsuraCorp CASE STUDY I-6 H.H. 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Leadership Styles between Jack and Ralph - 759 Words

Introduction I am writing my essay on the leadership styles between Jack and Ralph, which will explore the autocratic and democratic political systems in which they are dedicated to follow. Also explore the possible motives behind these two leaders rise to power, yet explain why leaders will need advisers for resources, for control and sustainably of the community. Lastly faults of their rule and how they could’ve rewritten the course of history on the inland, and deliver my hypothesis on what is the fate of Jack’s tribe. Main During their arrival on the inland the children were in disarray because the only adult was killed in the crash and leadership was high for grabs. This led to Ralph whose idea of forming a census assembly which contributes to an overall decision made by the whole assembly, in this case Ralph was made chief by overall decision. However unlike in traditional census groups which allows all to speak with interruption, but Ralph’s census group as the conch, which contains the power to speak without interruption. Yet this form of political formation is highly democratic, to have a better example, look at the UN council, or the US senate for which they can form act or decisions based on overall favor. Yet there an flaw among this census, for example there is always a specific adviser on a certain subject, in this story Piggy was the adviser in survival, law and order, which he was allowed on the assembly but he couldn’t speak due to rivalry. If there isShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies: Jack and Ralph Comparison1737 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Jack made a rush and stabbed at Ralph’s chest with his spear. Ralph sensed the position of the weapon from the glimpse he caught of Jack’s arm and put the thrust aside with his own butt. Then he brought the end round and caught Jack a stinger across the ear. The were chest to chest, breathing fiercely, pushing and glaring.†(196). Two strong types of leadership can lead to devastating outcomes. This is shown in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Ralph and Jack have two very different types of leadershipRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1389 Words   |  6 Pagessome important and challenging questions about differing leadership styles as well as good and ‘evil’ actions. Lord of the Flies, published in 1982 was written by William Golding. He begins with a scene similar to what I previously described. A plane full of boys are stranded on a deserted island. When, older member, Ralph is elected leader, it is hoped that he will have the knowledge to keep the group alive until they can be rescued. Ralph, in turn, creates rules, methods of being rescued (smokeRead MoreAuthority of Leadership in Lord of the Flies by William Golding1259 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"‘The rules!’ shouted Ralph. ‘You’re breaking the rules!’ ‘Who cares?’ Ralph summoned his wits: ‘Because the rules are the only thing we’ve got!’† (91). In Lord of the Flies, Ralph says this to Jack at one of their assemblies, after having berated the boys for neglecting the shelter building and the signal fires. Ralph’s leadership is built on these rules, and Jack’s breaking of them causes an ideological confli ct between them which eventually leads to Ralph’s loss of power among the group. HeRead MoreStruggle Between Civilization and Savagery in Lord of the Flies by William Golding919 Words   |  4 Pagesstruggle between civilization and savagery, however, in the novel, savagery prevails. This is evident in the constant struggle between Jack and Ralph and ultimate success by Jack whom represents savagery. Fear is an example of how savagery prevails over civilization, Jack used fear to overtake control from Ralph. Another example is the boys inability to stand up for themselves and for each other, meaning, if the boys like Roger, Sam, Eric, or the littleuns could go against Jack, they couldRead More Democracy to Dictatorship in Lord of the Flies Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir stay, Jack and Ralph.   Through the opposing characters of Jack and Ralph, Golding reveals the gradual process from democracy to dictatorship from Ralphs democratic election to his lack of law enforcement to Jacks strict rule and his violent law enforcement.      Upon the arrival of the boys to the island Jack immediately found himself in the center of a power struggle. Although the conflict was brief, there was still a very obvious confrontation between Jack and Ralph. Once the boysRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1022 Words   |  5 Pagespeople on the island through Ralph’s democratic leadership style and goals and Jack’s controlling and manipulative. These two leaders of the tribes draw a parallel reflection on the two leaders of World War Two, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolf Hitler. Lord of the Flies beings with a plane crash in the middle of the ocean; the boys are left alone on an island without any adults, fending for their lives. Ralph steps up after being elected leader, but Jack declares himself the leader of the hunting tribeRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1134 Words   |  5 Pagescompetition. Jack’s use of tyrannical leadership, Ralph’s loss of control with his democratic le adership style and Roger’s attempt to gain power are all examples of how the thirst for power ends causing corruption on the island. Absolute power corrupts and potentially defined power creates a greater society. Over time, Ralph gets more mature and becomes better prepared for his role as chief. He represents a democratic society ruled by one leader. His leadership style, uses power for the prosperity ofRead MoreAnalysis Of William Golding s Lord Of The Flies1006 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Flies, this idea of leadership, power, and corruption is put in the spotlight. Jack, one of the boys on the island, forces his way into the leadership position without actually earning it. It is clear that Jack has become corrupt as he turns into a person who is intimidating, egotistical, and selfish. Ralph, on the other hand, is a quality leader under most conditions as he appeals to the boys’ sophisticated side and has a strong moral compass. In contrast, Jack is only successful when heRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesfocusing on the qualities of ethical leadership. One of the main overtones in the Lord of the Flies is the battle between utilitarian and egoistic leadership. I have seen this battle all throughout my own life in different situations like how my bosses have handled themselves or the different styles of leadership I saw from the various leaders I worked with on my mission. This book gives a great example of each of these different ways to lead. Ralph is by no means a perfect leader, weRead MoreLord Of The Flies Critical Analysis1467 Words   |  6 Pagesnature. There was more significance behind the simple elegance of his words than just a fictional story. The many layers prevalent throughout the novel must be peeled back one by one in order to fully understand the concept effusively. Golding uses a style of description and vivid imagery to allow the reader to access their imagination in order to visualize the scenery of the book. The author describes the creepers and pink granite throughout the entirety of the novel. His audience is able to capture

Advantages of mother tongue free essay sample

However, it is just this kind of tendency that could lead to the development of an excessive dependency on the students’ mother tongue (Harbord, 1992) by both teachers and students. Consequently, students lose confidence in their ability to communicate in English: They may feel that the only way they would understand anything the teacher says is when it has been translated, or they use their mother tongue even when they are perfectly capable of expressing the same idea in English. This can significantly reduce students’ opportunities to practice English, and students fail to realise that using English in classroom activities is essential to improve their language skills. Translation also regularly creates the problem of oversimplification because many cultural and linguistic nuances cannot be directly translated (Harbord, 1992). For example, the sentence, â€Å"That’s so cool! † in English means that something is amazing or incredible. This phrase is the product of the continual evolution of the English language that was affected by the specific culture at a certain time. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of mother tongue or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A direct translation of this sentence into Chinese, for example, would not have the same meaning; in fact, it would not make sense at all. While the argument from both sides are equally compelling, it is clear, that despite the numerous advantages of students using their L1 in English-language learning, they do not outweigh the disadvantages. Is it possible to maximize the benefits and minimize the repercussions? Part II will provide suggestions for using the mother tongue judiciously in the English-language classroom. Disadvantages of using the mother tongue However, it is just this kind of tendency that could lead to the development of an excessive dependency on the students’ mother tongue (Harbord, 1992) by both teachers and students. Consequently, students lose confidence in their ability to communicate in English: They may feel that the only way they would understand anything the teacher says is when it has been translated, or they use their mother tongue even when they are perfectly capable of expressing the same idea in English. This can significantly reduce students’ opportunities to practice English, and students fail to realise that using English in classroom activities is essential to improve their language skills. Translation also regularly creates the problem of oversimplification because many cultural and linguistic nuances cannot be directly translated (Harbord, 1992). For example, the sentence, â€Å"That’s so cool! † in English means that something is amazing or incredible. This phrase is the product of the continual evolution of the English language that was affected by the specific culture at a certain time. A direct translation of this sentence into Chinese, for example, would not have the same meaning; in fact, it would not make sense at all. While the argument from both sides are equally compelling, it is clear, that despite the numerous advantages of students using their L1 in English-language learning, they do not outweigh the disadvantages. Is it possible to maximize the benefits and minimize the repercussions? Part II will provide suggestions for using the mother tongue judiciously in the English-language classroom. Disadvantages of using the mother tongue However, it is just this kind of tendency that could lead to the development of an excessive dependency on the students’ mother tongue (Harbord, 1992) by both teachers and students. Consequently, students lose confidence in their ability to communicate in English: They may feel that the only way they would understand anything the teacher says is when it has been translated, or they use their mother tongue even when they are perfectly capable of expressing the same idea in English. This can significantly reduce students’ opportunities to practice English, and students fail to realise that using English in classroom activities is essential to improve their language skills. Translation also regularly creates the problem of oversimplification because many cultural and linguistic nuances cannot be directly translated (Harbord, 1992). For example, the sentence, â€Å"That’s so cool! † in English means that something is amazing or incredible. This phrase is the product of the continual evolution of the English language that was affected by the specific culture at a certain time. A direct translation of this sentence into Chinese, for example, would not have the same meaning; in fact, it would not make sense at all. While the argument from both sides are equally compelling, it is clear, that despite the numerous advantages of students using their L1 in English-language learning, they do not outweigh the disadvantages. Is it possible to maximize the benefits and minimize the repercussions? Part II will provide suggestions for using the mother tongue judiciously in the English-language classroom.

Various Philosophical Theories of Ethics

Questions: 1.Consider the ethical dilemma surrounding deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in Australian industries? 2.Critique Moor's Just-Consequentialist Framework using suitable examples? 3.Compare and contrast the code of ethics of any two computing professional bodies, such as, IEEE Computer Society, Australian Computer Society etc? Answers: 1. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on making intelligent machines that react and work like human beings (Techopedia, 2017). According to an article published by Chapel (2017) published in The New Daily, Bib businesses in Australia are taking up and embracing artificial intelligence (AI) and over 60 percent are already planning human resource with this technology. There is a challenge for this companies as to where and when they will implement the technology and whether or not it will affect the human society. Adopting artificial intelligence in companies have been reported to boost productivity and make cost savings. As intelligent systems proliferate and become more capable, our world is becoming more competent and therefore better off (Bossmann, 2016). However, adopting Artificial intelligence will have great repercussions for the society at large. It is no doubt that embracing Artificial intelligence will replace human jobs resulting to unemployment. Since there have been inventions of methodologies of job automations, more room for people to work in complex roles can be created. This way people can move from the physical work that dominates the cognitive labour characterized by premeditated and organizational work in the global society. Embracing Artificial intelligence will subsequently breed inequality. Majority of businesses still depend on hourly work schedules when it comes to services and products. However, by using artificial intelligence, companies can radically reduce on relying on human resource labour which means that proceeds will go to few people. As a result, persons who own machine based corporations in AI based companies make money breeding inequality. Human behavior and interaction will be impacted. Intelligent machines are being created to model human behavior and are becoming better at as demonstrated by the Eugene Goostman interview done in 2015 (Aamoth, 2014). Eugene Goostman is a bot that tricked over thirty percent of a board of judges into accepting as true that he was an actual boy throughout the course of a chat conversation that lasted for five minutes during a Turing test. It is impossible for machines to gain one hundred percent intelligence. Unlike humans, machines may be fooledthrough dot patterns to see things that are non-existent (Bossmann, 2017). This would result to half- baked intelligence. It is impossible for intelligent machines to reason and make other plans if original ones fail as humans would do in case of changes in a given scenario. Therefore we cannot fully rely on AI to bring us into a new world of effective human labour, security and efficiency. There need to be assurance that the machine perform as planned, and that people wont overpower it to use it for their own ends. Embracing AI will affect security. A powerful technology can easily become good and be used for despicable reasons as well. Robots created to substitute human fighters, or self-ruling missiles can be used to cause destruction when used wickedly. Because such fights won't be fought only on the battleground, cyber security will then become more significant. At the end of the day, intelligent systems are faster and have the capability to follow orders on a high level compared to humans. Each person must think about the ethics of the work they perform, and the work they choose not to perform. Artificial Intelligence and robotics greatly affect our daily lives although they seem like science fiction. For example, services like Google and Amazon help us find what we want by using AI. They learn both from us and about us when we use them (Moore, 2017). Advances in technology are really proliferating the business world and companies should look into all factors. 2. A deontological principle of ethics says that some deeds are ethically mandatory irrespective of their negative or positive concerns on humans (Moriarty, 2008). Deontological theories maintain that it is at all times the responsibility of an individual to do the right thing. Personal behavior should serve as exemplary behavior for other people and that specifically, one should always act towards others as he/ she would like to be acted upon. It is an essential duty of people to respect and treat others with dignity and not merely as a means to their own resolves. Considering others with high opinion means not violating their privileges and rights (Kent Williams, 1993) Moor was of the opinion that computing technology was openly radical since it is malleable (Moor, 2009). As a result, the flexibility of computer technology permitted individuals to perform a wide assortment of things that they originally would not do. One asks whether new things require to be done as a result of the computer technology. This is as a result of Moor(2009) noting that a person can perform new things he/she ought to do it and that it would be ethical to perform them. It is rational to permit the fact that since such things werent completed in the past, there is no model that can be followed for good practice or ethical ruling that govern such activities. Moor begins by bearing in mind the kind of behavior to be regulated by ethics. He has confidence in the fact that all people need to be sheltered against going through unnecessary damages. Another desirable objective of such ethics, according to Moor (2009) is the support for duties, rights and justice. I agree that it is consequentialism is a great approach and a practical theory to ethics in computer ethics. But on the other hand, moral ethics should not be taken as rules that a person is forced on. Moral ethics socially and professionally should also be from the fact that a person treats others with respect and does as they are required with competence always. James Moor also suggests that computing policies should be developed to be fair for all people. But is should be noted that policies may not be fair to everyone all the time. When developing codes of conduct, consideration should include all the people and not only those that think they will benefit but should consider all the people who may be affected by the system. For example, in creating code of ethics, if its about the executive management, it should not only concern only the top management but all the other levels as well. Moor similarly presented the piece about the good as the competitor of just. The section is about the company that needs to advertise services by using folks individual facts. It is important to think of how the people whose information is used will feel. This would be against privacy rights as no person wants to display their data and information about them. The article is presented as good since most people are in its support but only because many people would want to get relevant and as much information about other persons. However, with time, such information would cause uneasiness to all the people whose details are used in marketing plan. The just consequentialist persons would be the first to know that the marketing plans of using personal information is not really a good thing. Therefore, having good principles to support just consequentialism is right in order not to have bias with other individuals. 3. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Australian Computer Society Code of Ethics: The Differences and Similarities Are there any differences as well as similarities between codes of ethics of computing professional bodies? Well, I have studied both IEEE and Australian Computer Society code of ethics and from my research, the two have similarities and differences. The IEEE is a global biggest professional society with professionals and engineers from diverse backgrounds who have a lot of robust volunteers worldwide (Ravichandran, 2014). On the other hand, Australian Computer Society (ACS) is the association for the countrys information and communications technology (ICT) profession represented by ICT specialists in education, business and government sectors (ACS, 2017). IEEE and Australian Computer Society code of ethics have common features. Firstly, both emphasis and have a solid focus on the general societal and moral role of the profession. The codes help members realize their professional determinations by making the most of extraordinary possibilities. Both also focus on being passionate about be familiar with proficiency, ICT skills development and establishing a sense of belonging in the community. Secondly, both Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Australian Computer Society (ACS) code of ethics comprise of conduct rules that cover the following four main areas including public interest, duty to relevant authorities, professional integrity and competence and finally duty towards professionalism (Ethical codes for computer professionals, 2015). Thirdly, Both the IEEE and Australian Computer Society (ACS) codes make clear that they apply only to their members. All the members of either IEEE or Australian Computer Society (ACS) are required to conduct themselves in a manner as laid out in the rules of conduct with regard to social interaction and professionalism. Equally, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Australian Computer Society (ACS) stresses the importance of members to continuously obtain and maintain professional competence. Professional members are also required to take part in setting principles for applicable intensities of professional abilities and competence, and endeavor to attain those principles and standards. Members must also upgrade their technical knowhow and proficiencies and to achieve them in various ways including doing autonomous study and research; attending conferences, seminars and workshops; and be involved in proficient business organizations (ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, 2017).Both Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Australian Computer Society (ACS) give access to members who fulfill membership requirements including members who by experience or education and provide confirmation of proficiency in any IEEE selected field. Designated fields include Computer Sciences, Engineering, and Information Technology, Management, Biological and Medical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Mathematics, Education, Technical Communications and Law and Policy (IEEE Advancing Technology for Humanity, 2017). Additionally, professional members in both Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Australian Computer Society (ACS) should improve and enhance the understanding of the computing industry and its consequences in the society at large. However, there exists some differences between Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Australian Computer Society (ACS). For example, the IEEE Code of ethics was adopted in 1974 while The Australian Computer Society was formed on January 1966 (Australian Computer Society, 2017). Also the IEEE combines a lot of disciplines as stated above. In contrast, the Australian Computer Society (ACS) IS based on the ICT profession only. IEEE accepts membership from all over the world (IEEE Advancing Technology for Humanity, 2017). On the other hand, ACS is Australia based (Australian Computer Society, 2017) To conclude, membership in either one of this organization promotes ethics both socially and economically for the betterment of the society. References Aamoth D. (2014). Interview with Eugene Goostman, the Fake Kid Who Passed the Turing Test. Retrieved from https://time.com/2847900/eugene-goostman-turing-test/ Australian Computer Society (2017). About the ACS. Retrieved from https://more.acs.org.au/about-the-acs Advancing Technology for Humanity. (2017).IEEE standards. Retrieved from https://www.ieee.org/index.html ACM Council, (2017). ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Retrieved from https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct Chapel, T. (2017). The New Daily: Majority of Australias big business firms embracing artificial intelligence. Retrieved from https://thenewdaily.com.au/money/work/2017/01/18/artificial-intelligence-australia-big-business/ Ethical codes for Computer professionals. (2015). Professional Issues in Information Technology. Retrieved from https://staffwww.dcs.shef.ac.uk/people/A.Sharkey/Nethicalcodes.pdf Kent, A., Williams, J. G. (1993). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 29 - Supplement 14: Agent-Oriented Programming to Socio-Organizational Aspects of Expert System Design. New York: CRC Press. Moore, R. (2017). AI Ethics: Artificial Intelligence, Robots, and Society. Retrieved from https://www.cs.bath.ac.uk/~jjb/web/ai.htmlMoriarty, G. (2008). The Engineering Project: Its Nature, Ethics, and Promise. Philadelphia: Penn State PressMoor, J. (2009). Chapter 8: Just Consequentialism and Computing Ravichandran, N. (2014). What is the difference between an IEEE and ACM? Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-an-IEEE-and-ACM